Glossary
Acariya: Teacher; mentor.
Anatta: Not-self; ownerless.
Aniccam: Inconstant; unsteady; impermanent.
Arahant: A person whose heart is free of mental effluents (see asava) and who is thus not destined for future rebirth. An epithet for the Buddha and the highest level of his Noble Disciples.
arammana: Preoccupation; mental object.
Asava: Mental effluent, pollutant, or fermentation — sensuality, states of being, views, and unawareness.
Avijja: Unawareness; ignorance; obscured awareness; delusion about the nature of the mind.
Ayatana: Sense medium. The inner sense media are the sense organs — eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind. The outer sense media are their respective objects.
Brahma: ”Great One” — an inhabitant of the heavens of form or formlessness.
Brahman: Used in the Buddha sense, this term is synonymous with arahant.
Buddho: Awake; enlightened. An epithet for the Buddha.
Cetasika: Mental concomitant (see vedana, sañña, and sankhara).
Dhamma (dharma): Event; phenomenon; the way things are in and of themselves; their inherent qualities; the basic principles underlying their behavior. Also, principles of behavior that human beings ought to follow so as to fit in with the right natural order of things; qualities of mind they should develop so as to realize the inherent quality of the mind in and of itself. By extension, ”Dhamma” is used also to denote any doctrine that teaches such things. Thus the Dhamma of the Buddha denotes both his teachings and the direct experience of nibbana, the quality at which those teachings are aimed.
Dhatu: Element; property, impersonal condition. The four physical elements or properties are earth (solidity), water (liquidity), wind (motion), and fire (heat). The six elements include the above four plus space and cognizance.
Dukkha(m): Stress; suffering; pain; distress; discontent.
Evam: Thus; in this way. This term is used in Thailand as a formal closing to a sermon.
Kamma (karma): Intentional acts that result in states of being and birth.
Kayagata-sati: Mindfulness immersed in the body. This is a blanket term covering several meditation themes: keeping the breath in mind; being mindful of the body”s posture; being mindful of one”s activities; analyzing the body into its parts; analyzing the body into its physical properties (see dhatu); contemplating the fact that the body is inevitably subject to death and disintegration.
Khandha: Heap; group; aggregate. Physical and mental components of the personality and of sensory experience in general (see rupa, vedana, sañña, sankhara, and viññana).
Kilesa: Defilement — passion, aversion, and delusion in their various forms, which include such things as greed, malevolence, anger, rancor, hypocrisy, arrogance, envy, miserliness, dishonesty, boastfulness, obstinacy, violence, pride, conceit, intoxication, and complacency.
Loka-dhamma: Worldly phenomenon — fortune, loss of fortune, status, disgrace, praise, censure, pleasure, and pain.
Lokuttara: Transcendent; supramundane (see magga, phala, and nibbana).
Magga: Path. Specifically, the path to the cessation of suffering and stress. The four transcendent paths — or rather, one path with four levels of refinement — are the path to stream-entry (entering the stream to nibbana, which ensures that one will be reborn at most only seven more times), the path to once-returning, the path to nonreturning, and the path to arahantship.
Mara: Temptation; mortality personified.
Nibbana (nirvana): Liberation; the unbinding of the mind from mental effluents, defilements, and the round of rebirth (see asava, kilesa, and vatta). As this term is used to denote also the extinguishing of fire, it carries the connotations of stilling, cooling, and peac…
《Straight from the Heart - Glossary & Notes》全文未完，请进入下页继续阅读…