..續本文上一頁de, and wisdom (paňňa) on the other. Here compassion represents love, charity, kindness, tolerance and such noble qualities on the emotional side, or qualities of the heart, while wisdom would stand for the intellectual side or the qualities of the mind. If one develops only the emotional neglecting the intellectual, one may become a good-hearted fool; while to develop only the intellectual side neglecting the emotional may turn one into a hard-hearted intellect without feeling for others. Therefore, to be perfect one has to develop both equally. That is the aim of the Buddhist way of life: in it wisdom and compassion are inseparably linked together, as we shall see later.
根據佛教，一個完人必須具備兩種品性：悲與慧。這兩者必須予以等量的培育與發展。悲代表著愛、慈、善、恕以及情感方面的其他高尚情操，也就是心的品質。而慧則代表著理智方面或思想方面的品質。只發展情感而忽略了理智，會造成一個好心的傻瓜。只發展理智而忽略了情感，也許會使人變成一個鐵石心腸的思想家，而毫無對人的同情。因此，要成爲完人，必須兩者等量培育。這就是佛教生活方式的目的。這裏面，悲與慧是不可分的，下文便見分曉。
Now, in Ethical Conduct (Sila), based on love and compassions, are included three factors of the Noble Eightfold Path: namely, Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood. (Nos. 3, 4 and 5 in the list).
以愛與悲爲基礎的戒學裏，包括了八正道中的叁條道：正語、正業與正命。(前開第叁、四、五等叁正道)
Right speech means abstention (I) from telling lies, (2) from backbiting and slander and talk that may bring about hatred, enmity, disunity, and disharmony among inpiduals or groups of people, (3) from harsh, rude, impolite, malicious and abusive language, and (4) from idle, useless and foolish babble and gossip. When one abstains from these forms of wrong and harmful speech one naturally has to speak the truth, has to use words that are friendly and benevolent, pleasant and gentle, meaningful and useful. One should not speak carelessly: speech should be at the right time and place. If one cannot say something useful, one should keep ”noble silence”.
正語的意思是：(一)不妄語，(二)不竊議、誹謗、及發表足以引起個人或團體間憎恨、敵意、傾軋、不和的言論，(叁)不用苛刻、粗魯、無禮、酷毒、及罵詈的言辭，(四)不作無意義、無利益而愚蠢之饒舌與空談。這幾種不正當而有害的言語既已戒絕，則發言自然真實，用詞自然友善、愉快、溫柔、充滿意義與利益。凡人發言，不可不慎。說話必須顧到時地。如所言無益，則應保持“高貴的緘默”。
Right Action aims at promoting moral, honourable and peaceful product. It admonishes us that we should abstain from destroying life, from stealing, from dishonest dealings, from illegitimate sexual intercourse, and that we should also help others to lead a peaceful and honourable life in the right way.
正業的目的是提倡合乎道義、榮譽而和平的行爲。它的戒條是不殺生、不偷盜、不作不誠實的交易，及非法的性交。而應當幫助別人過一種堂堂正正的、和平而光榮的生活。
Right Livelihood means that one should abstain from making one”s living through a profession that brings harm to others, such as trading in arms and lethal weapons, intoxicating drinks, poisons, killing animals, cheating, etc., and should live by a profession which is honourable, blameless and innocent of harm to others. One can clearly see here that Buddhism is strongly opposed to any kind of war, when it lays down that trade in arms and lethal weapons is an evil and unjust means of livelihood.
正命的意思，就是不從事于他人有害的職業，例如販賣軍火武器、醇酒鸩毒、屠宰、欺詐等。而應以光榮無咎，不危害他人之職業爲生計。從這一條可見佛教是強烈反對任何戰爭的。因爲它製定販賣軍火武器是邪惡而不正當的生計。
These three factors (Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood) of the Eightfold Path constitute Ethical Conduct. It should be realized that the Buddhist ethical and moral conduct aims at promoting a happy and harmonious life both for the inpidual and for society. This moral conduct is considered as the indispensable foundation for all higher spiritual attainments. No spiritual development is possible without this moral basis.
八正道中這叁條(正語、正業、正命)構成合乎倫理的行爲(戒學)。須知佛教的倫理與道德的行爲，是以增進個人及社會生活的和諧快樂爲目的的。這種道德的行爲，是所有精神方面的高度成就所不可或缺的基礎。精神生活的開展，如果沒有這道德的基礎，是不可能達到的。
Next comes Mental Discipline, in which are included three other factors of the Eightfold Path: namely, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness (or Attentiveness) and Right Concentration. (Nos. 6, 7 and 8 in the list).
其次就是心智的鍛煉(定學)。此包括了八正道的另外叁條：正勤、正念(亦作正志)與正定(前開…
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