..续本文上一页de, and wisdom (paňňa) on the other. Here compassion represents love, charity, kindness, tolerance and such noble qualities on the emotional side, or qualities of the heart, while wisdom would stand for the intellectual side or the qualities of the mind. If one develops only the emotional neglecting the intellectual, one may become a good-hearted fool; while to develop only the intellectual side neglecting the emotional may turn one into a hard-hearted intellect without feeling for others. Therefore, to be perfect one has to develop both equally. That is the aim of the Buddhist way of life: in it wisdom and compassion are inseparably linked together, as we shall see later.

　　根据佛教，一个完人必须具备两种品性：悲与慧。这两者必须予以等量的培育与发展。悲代表著爱、慈、善、恕以及情感方面的其他高尚情操，也就是心的品质。而慧则代表著理智方面或思想方面的品质。只发展情感而忽略了理智，会造成一个好心的傻瓜。只发展理智而忽略了情感，也许会使人变成一个铁石心肠的思想家，而毫无对人的同情。因此，要成为完人，必须两者等量培育。这就是佛教生活方式的目的。这里面，悲与慧是不可分的，下文便见分晓。

　　Now, in Ethical Conduct (Sila), based on love and compassions, are included three factors of the Noble Eightfold Path: namely, Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood. (Nos. 3, 4 and 5 in the list).

　　以爱与悲为基础的戒学里，包括了八正道中的三条道：正语、正业与正命。(前开第三、四、五等三正道)

　　Right speech means abstention (I) from telling lies, (2) from backbiting and slander and talk that may bring about hatred, enmity, disunity, and disharmony among inpiduals or groups of people, (3) from harsh, rude, impolite, malicious and abusive language, and (4) from idle, useless and foolish babble and gossip. When one abstains from these forms of wrong and harmful speech one naturally has to speak the truth, has to use words that are friendly and benevolent, pleasant and gentle, meaningful and useful. One should not speak carelessly: speech should be at the right time and place. If one cannot say something useful, one should keep ”noble silence”.

　　正语的意思是：(一)不妄语，(二)不窃议、诽谤、及发表足以引起个人或团体间憎恨、敌意、倾轧、不和的言论，(三)不用苛刻、粗鲁、无礼、酷毒、及骂詈的言辞，(四)不作无意义、无利益而愚蠢之饶舌与空谈。这几种不正当而有害的言语既已戒绝，则发言自然真实，用词自然友善、愉快、温柔、充满意义与利益。凡人发言，不可不慎。说话必须顾到时地。如所言无益，则应保持“高贵的缄默”。

　　Right Action aims at promoting moral, honourable and peaceful product. It admonishes us that we should abstain from destroying life, from stealing, from dishonest dealings, from illegitimate sexual intercourse, and that we should also help others to lead a peaceful and honourable life in the right way.

　　正业的目的是提倡合乎道义、荣誉而和平的行为。它的戒条是不杀生、不偷盗、不作不诚实的交易，及非法的性交。而应当帮助别人过一种堂堂正正的、和平而光荣的生活。

　　Right Livelihood means that one should abstain from making one”s living through a profession that brings harm to others, such as trading in arms and lethal weapons, intoxicating drinks, poisons, killing animals, cheating, etc., and should live by a profession which is honourable, blameless and innocent of harm to others. One can clearly see here that Buddhism is strongly opposed to any kind of war, when it lays down that trade in arms and lethal weapons is an evil and unjust means of livelihood.

　　正命的意思，就是不从事于他人有害的职业，例如贩卖军火武器、醇酒鸩毒、屠宰、欺诈等。而应以光荣无咎，不危害他人之职业为生计。从这一条可见佛教是强烈反对任何战争的。因为它制定贩卖军火武器是邪恶而不正当的生计。

　　These three factors (Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood) of the Eightfold Path constitute Ethical Conduct. It should be realized that the Buddhist ethical and moral conduct aims at promoting a happy and harmonious life both for the inpidual and for society. This moral conduct is considered as the indispensable foundation for all higher spiritual attainments. No spiritual development is possible without this moral basis.

　　八正道中这三条(正语、正业、正命)构成合乎伦理的行为(戒学)。须知佛教的伦理与道德的行为，是以增进个人及社会生活的和谐快乐为目的的。这种道德的行为，是所有精神方面的高度成就所不可或缺的基础。精神生活的开展，如果没有这道德的基础，是不可能达到的。

　　Next comes Mental Discipline, in which are included three other factors of the Eightfold Path: namely, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness (or Attentiveness) and Right Concentration. (Nos. 6, 7 and 8 in the list).

　　其次就是心智的锻炼(定学)。此包括了八正道的另外三条：正勤、正念(亦作正志)与正定(前开…

《佛陀的启示 第五章 第四圣谛：道谛 Chapter V· The Fourth Noble Truth - Magga: The Path》全文未完，请进入下页继续阅读…