..續本文上一頁ddhism is a religion of reason.

　　(四)還有另一種可被用來實修的准則，佛陀如此教導：“諸惡莫作，衆善奉行，自淨其意”。這叁個在一起被稱爲“別解脫教誡”，意指“教誡總綱”(summary of all exhortations)。“諸惡莫作、衆善奉行”在此不需要诠釋，但是“自淨其意”的意義就不是那麼一目了然了。人一旦執著任何事(甚至善事)，他的心就會混亂：害怕得不到善報或擔憂善報會消失，並執取一切爲“我所有”，而這一切都會招致痛苦。所以，即使已成功地避免作惡事，也作了許多善事，仍必須知道如何放下。別執著任何事爲“我”或“我所有”，否則它會帶來悲慘的結果，成爲沈重的負擔和痛苦，就像背負或執著某種東西，一定會感到沈重或受苦一樣。換句話說，執著善或惡和背負珍寶或岩石是一樣的，雖然珍寶很有價值，但背在肩上或放在頭上，是同樣沈重的。因此不要背著岩石，也不要背著鑽石，別把岩石或鑽石放在自己的頭上(譯者注：在此意指心中)！不論善或惡都不要執著，就是所謂的“自淨其意”。所以，“諸惡莫作，衆善奉行，自淨其意”，即是佛陀的教導。

　　D) TO ANSWER YET another way, as a rule of practice, the Buddha taught, “Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind.” Those three together are called the “Ovāda pā.imokkha”, meaning the “summary of all exhortations”. Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind. Avoiding evil and doing good need no explaining, but making the mind pure isn”t as obvious. If one goes about grasping and clinging, even to goodness, the mind develops impurities: fear of not receiving good, fear of being deprived of existing good, anxiety, worry, and attaching to this and that as “mine”. All of these produce suffering. Even though we may have successfully avoided evil and done good, we still must know how to render the mind free. Do not grasp at or cling to anything as being a self or as belonging to a self. Otherwise it will be misery, it will be a heavy burden and it will be suffering (dukkha). In other words, grasping and clinging, like carrying something along with one all the time, is a heavy weight and a burden of suffering. Even a load of precious gems carried on the shoulders or head is just as heavy as a load of rocks. So don”t carry rocks or gems (dukkha). Put them aside. Don”t let there be any weight on your head (which here means the mind). This is what is meant by “purify the mind”. So then, to purify the mind is the third thing. The first thing is to avoid evil, the second is to do good, and the third is to make the mind pure. This is what he taught.

　　(五)另外，還有一種重要的教導提醒我們：一切因緣和合的事物都在不停地流轉遷變，這就是“諸行無常”。各位同學雖然還年輕，但我希望你們能仔細聆聽，佛陀的教誨適合各年齡層的人，甚至不分性別，這是各位必須要明白的。希望大家不要放逸，所謂“不放逸”就是不與因緣假合的事物遊戲，而沈迷其中，不然它將會咬你、打你，把你綁得緊緊的，你會不由自主地痛苦一場，甚至可能自殺而白白送掉生命。

　　E) HERE IS ANOTHER important teaching, a worthwhile reminder. He taught, “All compounded things (all things and all beings in this world) are perpetually flowing, forever breaking up (they are impermanent). Let all be well-equipped with heedfulness!” Please listen very carefully to these words: everything in this world is perpetually flowing, forever breaking up, that is, all is impermanent. So we have to equip ourselves well with heedfulness. Don”t go playing with these things! They will bite you. They will slap your face. They will bind and hold you fast. You will be made to sit and weep, or perhaps even to commit suicide.

　　總結上面各種不同的回答方式，若有人問：“佛陀有那些特別的教導？”我們可以有下列的答案：

　　Now let us bring together these various ways of answering this one question. If asked just what the Buddha taught, answer with one of the following:

　　他教導踐行中道；

　　He taught us to walk the Middle Way;

　　他教導自助；

　　He taught self-help;

　　他教導正確認識因果法——有因有緣世間集，有因有緣集世間。我們正確認識它的因，才能獲取想得到的結果；

　　He taught us to be familiar with the law off causality and to adjust the causes appropirately for the desired results to follow;

　　他教導“諸惡莫作，衆善奉行，自淨其意”的實修原則；

　　He taught as the principle of practice “Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind”;

　　他提醒我們：一切事物都是無常的、變遷的，應自精勤，不可放逸！

　　And he reminded us that all compounded things are impermanent and perpetually flowing, and that we must be well-equipped with heedfulness.

　　這個問題有這幾種不同的回答方式，若有人問起，可任選其中一種回答。

　　There are several different ways of answering this question. If asked what the Buddha taught, then answer in any one of these ways.

《佛陀有什麼特別的教導？What did he teach in particular

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