..续本文上一页ddhism is a religion of reason.

　　(四)还有另一种可被用来实修的准则，佛陀如此教导：“诸恶莫作，众善奉行，自净其意”。这三个在一起被称为“别解脱教诫”，意指“教诫总纲”(summary of all exhortations)。“诸恶莫作、众善奉行”在此不需要诠释，但是“自净其意”的意义就不是那么一目了然了。人一旦执着任何事(甚至善事)，他的心就会混乱：害怕得不到善报或担忧善报会消失，并执取一切为“我所有”，而这一切都会招致痛苦。所以，即使已成功地避免作恶事，也作了许多善事，仍必须知道如何放下。别执着任何事为“我”或“我所有”，否则它会带来悲惨的结果，成为沉重的负担和痛苦，就像背负或执着某种东西，一定会感到沉重或受苦一样。换句话说，执着善或恶和背负珍宝或岩石是一样的，虽然珍宝很有价值，但背在肩上或放在头上，是同样沉重的。因此不要背着岩石，也不要背着钻石，别把岩石或钻石放在自己的头上(译者注：在此意指心中)！不论善或恶都不要执着，就是所谓的“自净其意”。所以，“诸恶莫作，众善奉行，自净其意”，即是佛陀的教导。

　　D) TO ANSWER YET another way, as a rule of practice, the Buddha taught, “Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind.” Those three together are called the “Ovāda pā.imokkha”, meaning the “summary of all exhortations”. Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind. Avoiding evil and doing good need no explaining, but making the mind pure isn”t as obvious. If one goes about grasping and clinging, even to goodness, the mind develops impurities: fear of not receiving good, fear of being deprived of existing good, anxiety, worry, and attaching to this and that as “mine”. All of these produce suffering. Even though we may have successfully avoided evil and done good, we still must know how to render the mind free. Do not grasp at or cling to anything as being a self or as belonging to a self. Otherwise it will be misery, it will be a heavy burden and it will be suffering (dukkha). In other words, grasping and clinging, like carrying something along with one all the time, is a heavy weight and a burden of suffering. Even a load of precious gems carried on the shoulders or head is just as heavy as a load of rocks. So don”t carry rocks or gems (dukkha). Put them aside. Don”t let there be any weight on your head (which here means the mind). This is what is meant by “purify the mind”. So then, to purify the mind is the third thing. The first thing is to avoid evil, the second is to do good, and the third is to make the mind pure. This is what he taught.

　　(五)另外，还有一种重要的教导提醒我们：一切因缘和合的事物都在不停地流转迁变，这就是“诸行无常”。各位同学虽然还年轻，但我希望你们能仔细聆听，佛陀的教诲适合各年龄层的人，甚至不分性别，这是各位必须要明白的。希望大家不要放逸，所谓“不放逸”就是不与因缘假合的事物游戏，而沉迷其中，不然它将会咬你、打你，把你绑得紧紧的，你会不由自主地痛苦一场，甚至可能自杀而白白送掉生命。

　　E) HERE IS ANOTHER important teaching, a worthwhile reminder. He taught, “All compounded things (all things and all beings in this world) are perpetually flowing, forever breaking up (they are impermanent). Let all be well-equipped with heedfulness!” Please listen very carefully to these words: everything in this world is perpetually flowing, forever breaking up, that is, all is impermanent. So we have to equip ourselves well with heedfulness. Don”t go playing with these things! They will bite you. They will slap your face. They will bind and hold you fast. You will be made to sit and weep, or perhaps even to commit suicide.

　　总结上面各种不同的回答方式，若有人问：“佛陀有那些特别的教导？”我们可以有下列的答案：

　　Now let us bring together these various ways of answering this one question. If asked just what the Buddha taught, answer with one of the following:

　　他教导践行中道；

　　He taught us to walk the Middle Way;

　　他教导自助；

　　He taught self-help;

　　他教导正确认识因果法——有因有缘世间集，有因有缘集世间。我们正确认识它的因，才能获取想得到的结果；

　　He taught us to be familiar with the law off causality and to adjust the causes appropirately for the desired results to follow;

　　他教导“诸恶莫作，众善奉行，自净其意”的实修原则；

　　He taught as the principle of practice “Avoid evil, do good, purify the mind”;

　　他提醒我们：一切事物都是无常的、变迁的，应自精勤，不可放逸！

　　And he reminded us that all compounded things are impermanent and perpetually flowing, and that we must be well-equipped with heedfulness.

　　这个问题有这几种不同的回答方式，若有人问起，可任选其中一种回答。

　　There are several different ways of answering this question. If asked what the Buddha taught, then answer in any one of these ways.

《佛陀有什么特别的教导？What did he teach in particular

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