..續本文上一頁r fearlessness in the face of authority and their attitude of munificence and selflessness will win people”s respect and make rascals afraid. This is why although no wise ruler employed Confucius and scoundrels often presented him with difficulties during his travels; nonetheless, the heads of states and members of the nobility all competed to serve Confucius as an honored guest, hoping to win the reputation of "one who honors a sage." Similarly, malicious ministers and criminals dared not publicly kill and harm Confucius either, fearing the disgraceful title of "one who injures a sage."
孔子未從政前，魯國是「叁桓」─孟孫氏、叔孫氏、季孫氏─當權，國君形同傀儡。孟孫家有個陽虎，野心很大，城府又深。他先是改投當時權傾魯國的季孫氏，靠著巴結討好和才幹，陽虎得到家主季孫意如的重用，高居家宰之位；等到老季孫氏去世，他就爬到新家主季平子頭上了。到了季平子一死，他不但掌控了季孫家，也鎮懾住另外的兩家，更進一步脅控魯君，專攬魯國朝政。
Before Confucius entered politics, the state of Lu was controlled by three families-the Meng Sun clan, the Shu Sun clan and the Ji Sun clan--while the king was practically a puppet. Yang Hu of the Meng Sun family had huge ambitions and in-depth deliberations. He initially joined the Ji Sun family who dominated the state of Lu, then through flattery, favors, and competence, Yang Hu attained heavy responsibilities from the head of the household, Ji Sun Yi Ru, becoming the household manager. When the elder Ji Sun passed away, Yang Hu climbed on top of the new head of the clan, Ji Ping Zi. When Ji Ping Zi died, Yang Hu not only con trolled the Ji Sun clan, but also suppressed the other two families by intimidation, further threatening the king of Lu and single-handedly controlling the affairs of state.
陽虎一則爲了想嬴取民心，二來也的確需要能人來輔佐他穩定政局，因此他叁番兩次去孔家送禮拜訪，想拉攏孔子出仕幫忙。孔子也知道陽虎其實是個比魯君更識才，也更有魄力的統治者；但他生平最痛惡的就是欺君犯上之徒，怎麼會爲了可以受重用，而失去正義的原則呢？因此他每次都借故回避不見。
Hoping to win the hearts of the citizenry on the one hand, and needing someone to assist him in stabilizing the political situation on the other, Yang Hu visited Confucius several times in the hopes of obtaining his help. Confucius knew that Yang Hu could see talent better than the king of Lu and was a more decisive leader besides. However, Confucius had always detested those who cheat their rulers and overstep superiors, how could he compromise his integrity for the sake of being employed in an important position
For that reason, Confucius always invented an excuse to avoid Yang Hu.
有一次陽虎親訪，門人照例說「不在」；但等到陽虎上車要走時，孔子卻故意撫琴作樂，好教陽虎知道他不是真的不在，只是不想見他。又有一次，孔子周遊到陳國時，楚國剛剛攻下陳國，占領了陳國首都；因爲西城門壞了，就叫陳國的人民來修理。
Once when Yang Hu personally paid a visit, the guard answered as usual, "He”s not here." When Yang Hu was about to get in his carriage and leave, however, Confucius purposely strummed his instrument and made music, disclosing to Yang Hu that Confucius had been there all along but simply didn”t want to see Yang Hu. At another time, Confucius traveled to the state of Chen right after the state of Chu had invaded and occupied the capital of Chen. The western gate to the city was broken then, so the Chu int1:Uders ordered the people of Chen to fix it.
依照周禮，坐車者若在路上遇見兩個人，就要站起來行禮；遇見叁人以上，就要下車。但是孔子的車經過城門時，一向最懂禮，也最崇尚禮的孔子竟一反常態，對兩旁的人群視若無睹，動也不動一下。面對弟子的質疑，孔子痛心地表示﹕陳國人民不值得對他們行禮。爲什麼呢？起初他們不知國家快滅亡，那是不知；等知道國家快滅亡，而不能團結奮鬥，則是不忠；國已滅亡，又不能戰死，就是不勇。現在他們反而幫敵人來修城，怎麼值得尊重？
According to the rites of Zhou, a passenger in a cart must stand and bow if he sees two people on the road; if the passenger sees three or more people, he must get off the cart. When Confucius” carriage passed the gate, Confucius was unlike himself. Typically polite and observant of all the rites, this time Confucius ignored the people on both sides as if they were invisible. When Confucius” disciples questioned him, Confucius painfully explained, "The citizens of Chen are unworthy of being bowed to. Why
At first they didn”t know their state was about to be annihilated, so that was ignorance. When the citizens knew th…
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