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弟子規淺釋 Standards for Students 第叁章﹕悌 Chapter Three﹕ FRATERNITY - 3▪P2

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  China is an ancient country which values propriety and the ability to yield; it has produced countless sages and great men who were renowned for their propriety and ability to yield. There are many examples in which the country was governed by means of propriety and yielding. Propriety is not apart from yielding; yielding must accord with propriety. The two complement and benefit one another. If something is not in accord with the rules of propriety, it should basically not be done at all; how much the less should one consider whether or not to yield.

  兄弟之間,講究的是兄友弟恭,因爲友愛,做兄姐的總想把好處留給弟妹;因爲恭敬,做弟妹的也總想把好處讓給兄姐;如此一來,不就 “家和萬事興”了嗎?

  Between siblings, the elder sibling should be kind, and the younger one should be respectful. Elder brothers and sisters should want to let their younger siblings enjoy the advantages, and younger siblings should want to yield the advantages to their older siblings. In that way, how can the family not be harmonious and how can there not be prosperity

  

  周武王是周朝開國之君,他的曾祖古公亶父,有泰伯、仲雍、季曆叁個兒子。古公亶父很喜歡季曆的兒子,認爲這小孩將來必可昌盛姬氏所建立的周國,因此將這小孩取名爲昌,希望讓昌來做周的領導人。可是要由姬昌做領導人,除非昌的父親季曆先繼承王位,因此做長兄的泰伯,便偕二弟仲雍逃到南蠻,以便讓季曆繼承王位。可是在父親去世前後,季曆亦叁次禮讓兩位兄長,不肯繼承王位。

  King Wu of Zhou was the founder of the Zhou dynasty. His great grandfather, the Ancient Lord of Tan, had three sons: Taibo, Zhongy- ong, and Jili. The Ancient Lord of Tan favored the son of Jili and thought this son could certainly cause the Zhou dynasty, founded by the Ji clan, to flourish. That”s why he named this boy Chang ("flourishing") and wanted him to become the ruler of the Zhou dynasty. However, the only way this could happen would be for the boy”s father Jili to inherit the throne. Therefore the two elder brothers, Taibo and Zhongyong, retreated to Nanman [region inhabited by barbarous tribes in the south of China] so that the throne would pass to their younger brother Jili. However, before and after the death of their father, Jili three times tried to yield the throne to his two older brothers and refused to assume the throne himself.

  于是乎泰伯、仲雍就學當地的土著,把頭發剪短披散,又在身上圖上花紋,以表示不再回國的決心,好讓季曆安心繼位。後來季曆的兒子姬昌果然成爲一個聰慧過人,又能以德服人的領導者;四方各小國紛紛背叛暴君商纣王,自動來歸順,竟至叁分天下有其二。周武王興師伐纣,統一天下,建立周的皇朝後,便追尊其父姬昌爲周文王。周文王不但是個聖明的君王,他的禮教、典章、製度,和所演算出來的“易經八卦”,對中國的曆史、文化,都有深遠的影響。

  Taibo and Zhongyong resorted to adopting the manner of the local tribes, cutting their hair short and wearing it loose, and making tattoos on their body. They did this to show that they were resolved not to return to their state, so that Jili could assume the throne without worry. Later, Jili”s son Jichang indeed became a leader of exceptional wisdom who won people over by means of his virtue. The various small states from all around turned away from the tyrant Emperor Zhou of Shangand allied themselves under him, so that he gained the support of two-thirds of the country. After King Wu of Zhou attacked EmperorZhou and united the whole country under the new dynasty of Zhou, he bestowed the title "King Wen of Zhou" upon his father, Jichang. KingWen was a ruler of sagely wisdom. His teachings of propriety, his laws, his system of government, and the eight trigrams of the Book of Change which he calculated have had a profound and far-reaching influence on Chinese history and culture.

  而逃到南蠻的泰伯、仲雍兄弟,也由于道德才能,被當地的土著推爲君長,以後他們建立了虞國。後來虞國的子孫又搬到揚子江下遊,建立了吳國,並接受周的招撫,成爲一個諸侯。春秋中期,吳國日益強大,到了壽夢王時,已有大國的規模了。壽夢王有四個兒子,其中以最小的季劄最有才德。壽夢王認爲只有讓季劄爲王,吳國才能興盛;可是季劄無論如何不肯越過叁個兄長來做太子。壽夢王臨終時吩咐四個兒子:王位不再父子相傳,必須“兄終弟及”,直到傳給最小的季劄爲止。

  The two elder brothers, Taibo and Zhongyong, who had retreated to the south of China, were elected as leaders by the local natives because of their outstanding virtue and talent. Later on they founded the state of Yu. The descendants of the state of Yu later moved to the lower reaches of the Yangzi River, where they founded the state of Wu. They…

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