打開我的閱讀記錄 ▼

佛教詞典在線查詢

共在3本字典中找到 144 條與「is」相關的內容
以下是【南传佛教英文辞典】的查詢結果:
南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】rise

  and  fall  (of  phenomena):  the  knowledge  consisting  in  the  contemplation  of  r.  and  f.,  s.  visuddhi  VI,  1.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【2】issa^

  ”envy”,  is  a  karmically  unwholesome  (akusala)  mental  factor,  which  is  occasionally  associated  with  hate-rooted  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  I.  30,  31,).  Explained  in  Pug.  55.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【3】gnosis

  s.  indriya  (21).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【4】misery

  contemplation  of:  dukkha^nupassana^;  s.  ti-lakkhana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【5】wisdom

  pan~n~a^  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【6】arising

  and  vanishing  (of  things).  The  knowledge  consisting  in  the  contemplation  of;  s.  visuddhi  (VI.  1.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【7】disease

  one  of  the  ”divine  messengers”  (deva-dúta,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【8】nissaya

  ”foundation”.  The  2  wrong  foundations  of  morality  are  craving  (tanha^-nissaya)  and  views  (ditthi-nissaya).  Hence  there  are  two  wrong  bases  of  morality:  morality  based  on  craving  (tanha^-nissita-si^la)  and  morality  based  on  views  (ditthi-nissita-si^la).  (App.)
"”Based  on  craving”  is  that  kind  of  morality  which  has  come  about  by  the  desire  for  a  happy  existence,  e.g.:  ”O  that  by  this  morality  I  might  become  a  godlike  or  heavenly  being!”  (A.IX,  172).”Based  on  views”  is  that  morality  which  has  been  induced  by  the  view  that  through  the  observation  of  certain  moral  rules  purification  may  be  attained"  (Vis.M.  I).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【9】fatalism

  s.  ditthi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【10】visuddhi

  ”purification”,  purity.  The  ”7  stages  of  purification”  (satta-visuddhi)  form  the  substructure  of  Upatissa”s  Vimutti-Magga  (The  Path  To  Freedom),  preserved  only  in  Chinese,  as  well  as  of  Buddhaghosa”s  monumental  work,  Visuddhi-Magga  (The  Path  of  Purification),  based  on  the  former  work.
The  only  place  in  the  Canon  where  these  7  kinds  of  purification  are  mentioned  is  M.  24,  "The  Simile  of  the  Stage-coach"  (s.”Path”,  §64),  wherein  their  purpose  and  goal  are  illustrated.  There  it  is  said  that  the  real  and  ultimate  goal  does  not  consist  in  purification  of  morality,  or  of  mind,  or  of  view,  etc.,  but  in  total  deliverance  and  extinction.  Now,  just  as  one  mounts  the  first  coach  and  travels  to  the  second  coach,  then  mounts  the  second  coach  and  travels  with  it  to  the  third  coach,  etc.,  in  exactly  the  same  way  the  goal  of  (I)  the  purification  of  morality  (sila-visuddhi)  is  (II)  the  purification  of  mind  (citta-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (III)  the  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (IV)  the  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^vitarana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (V)  the  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (VI)  the  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress  (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (VII)  the  purification  of  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  but  the  goal  of  this  purification  is  deliverance  freed  from  all  clinging.
(I)  "Purification  of  morality  (si^la-visuddhi)  consists  of  the  4-fold  purity  of  morality  (catu-pa^risuddhi-si^la),  namely:  restraint  with  regard  to  the  Disciplinary  Code  (pa^timokkhasamvara-si^la),  sense-restraint  (indriysamvara-si^la),  purity  of  livelihood  (a^ji^vapa^risuddhi-si^la),  morality  with  regard  to  the  4  requisites  (paccaya-sannissita-si^la)"  (Vis.M.  XVIII).  On  these  4  terms,  s.  si^la.  -  In  the  case  of  a  layman,  it  entails  the  observance  of  whatever  moral  rules  (5  or  more)  he  has  taken  upon  himself.
(II)  "Purification  of  mind  (citta-visuddhi)  is  a  name  for  the  8  attainments  (=  absorptions:  jha^na,  q.v.),  as  well  as  for  neighbourhood-concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi;  s.  sama^dhi)."  (ib.).
(III)  "By  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi)  is  meant  the  understanding,  according  to  reality,  of  mind  and  corporeality  (na^marúpa,  q.v.)...  which  is  founded  on  undeludedness  (wisdom)  as  base,  and  which  in  manifold  ways  determines  mind  and  corporeality  after  overcoming  all  belief  in  a  persollality  (atta^:  self,  ego.)."  (ib.).
(IV)  "By  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi)  is  meant  the  understanding  which,  by  grasping  the  conditions  of  this  mind  and  corporeality,  has  escaped  from  all  doubt  with  regard  to  the  3  times  (past,  present,  future)."  (ib.  XIX)
(V)  "By  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  meant  that  understanding  which  knows  the  right  path  from  the  wrong  path:  ”This  is  the  right  path,  that  the  wrong  path.”"  (ib.  XX)
In  order  to  attain  this  5th  stage  of  purification,  one  at  first  should  develop  methodical  insight  (naya-vipassana^),  i.e.  through  contemplation  of  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha,  q.v.).  For  whosoever  does  not  yet  possess  a  perfectly  developed  insight,  to  him  such  phenomena  as  effulgence  of  light,  etc.  (see  below),  arising  during  insight,  may  become  impediments  in  the  3  kinds  of  full  understanding  here  considered  (s.  parin~n~a^).
”As  soon  as  the  manifold  ways  and  characteristics  of  the  4  Truths  (sacca)  and  the  dependent  origination  (paticcasamuppa^da)  have  become  clear  to  the  meditating  disciple,  he  says  to  himself:  Thus  do  these  things  never  before  arisen  arise,  and  having  arisen  they  disappear  again.  Thus  do  the  formations  of  existence  ever  and  again  arise  as  something  quite  new.  But  not  only  are  they  something  new,  they  are  moreover  also  of  limited  duration,  like  a  dew-drop  at  sunrise,  like  a  bubble,  like  a  line  drawn  with  a  stick  in  the  water,  like  a  mustard  seed  placed  on  the  point  of  an  arrow,  or  like  a  flash  of  lightning.  Also  as  something  unsubstantial  and  empty  do  they  appear,  as  jugglery,  as  a  mirage  ....  Merely  something  subject  to  vanishing  arises,  and  having  arisen  disappears  again.”"
During  such  insight  practice,  however,  may  arise  the  10  imperfections  (or  defilements)  of  insight  (vipassanúpakkilesa):  effulgence  of  light  (obha^sa),  knowledge  (n~a^na),  rapture  (pi^ti),  tranquillity  (passaddhi),  happiness  (sukha),  determination  (adhimokkha),  energy  (paggaha),  awareness  (upattha^na),  delight  (nikanti).  -  See  Vis.M.  XX,  105f.  (App.).
Excepting  the  last  one,  ”delight”,  they  are  not  imperfections  or  defilements  in  themselves,  but  may  become  a  basis  for  them  through  the  arising  of  pride  or  delight  or  by  a  wrong  conclusion  that  one  of  the  holy  paths  has  been  attained.  He,  however,  who  is  watchful  and  experienced  in  insight  practice,  will  know  that  these  states  of  mind  do  not  indicate  attainment  of  the  true  path,  but  are  only  symptoms  or  concomitants  of  insight  meditation.
"Thus  far  the  meditating  disciple  has  determined  3  of  the  truths,  namely  while  determining  the  corporeal  and  mental  phenomena  he  has,  through  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  suffering”.  While  grasping  the  conditions  he  has,  through  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering”.  While  determining  the  right  path,  he  has,  through  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  the  path”  (leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering)."
(VI)  Purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress  (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  the  insight  perfected  in  8  kinds  of  knowledge,  together  with  the  9th  knowledge,  the  ”knowledge  adapting  itself  to  truth”.
By  the  8  kinds  of  knowledge  are  here  meant  the  following,  which  are  freed  from  defilements,  follow  the  right  process,  and  are  considered  as  insight,  namely:

1.  knowledge  consisting  in  contemplation  of  rise  and  fall  (udayabbaya^nupassana^-n~a^na),
2.  in  contemplation  of  dissolution  (bhanga^nupassana^-n~a^na),
3.  in  awareness  of  terror  (or  the  fearful)  (bhayatúpattha^na^-n~a^na),
4.  in  contemplation  of  misery  (a^di^nava^nupassana^-n~a^na),
5.  in  contemplation  of  aversion  (nibbida^nupassana^-n~a^na),
6.  in  the  desire  for  deliverance  (muccitu-kamyata^-n~a^na),
7.  in  reflecting  contemplation  (patisankha^nupassana^-n~a^na),
8.  in  equanimity  regarding  all  formations  of  existence  (sankha^rupekkha^-n~a^na)  -  which  is  followed  by
9.  in  adaptation  to  truth  (sacca^nulomika-n~a^na).

(1)  consists  in  the  meditative  observation  of  the  3  characteristics  of  existence  (impermanence,  suffering,  no  self)  in  one”s  own  bodily  and  mental  processes.  As  long  as  the  mind  is  still  disturbed  by  the  10  imperfections  (s.  V),  the  3  characteristics  will  not  become  fully  clear  in  their  true  nature.  Only  when  the  mind  is  free  from  these  imperfections  can  the  characteristics  be  observed  clearly.
(2)  When  through  such  repeated  practice,  knowledge  and  mindfulness  have  grown  keen  and  the  bodily  and  mental  formations  become  apparent  quickly,  at  that  stage  the  phase  of  dissolution  of  these  formations  will  become  prominent.
"Consciousness  with  (e.g.)  materiality  as  its  object  arises  and  dissolves.  Having  reflected  on  that  object,  he  contemplates  the  dissolution  of  (reflecting)  consciousness."  (Pts.M.  I,  57,  quoted  in  Vis.M.  XXI,  11).
The  8  blessings  of  this  knowledge  are:  abandoning  the  belief  in  eternal  existence  (bhava-ditthi),  giving  up  attachment  to  life,  constant  right  application  (of  mind  to  meditative  endeavour),  a  purified  livelihood,  overcoming  of  anxiety,  absence  of  fear,  acquisition  of  forbearance  and  gentleness,  conquest  of  discontent  and  sensual  delight  (Vis.M.  XXI,  28).
(3)  Knowledge  consisting  in  awareness  of  terror  (or  fearfulness)  is  the  seeing  of  terror  in  the  conditions  as  well  as  the  continuity  of  existence.  For  whoso  considers  the  formations  as  impermanent,  to  him  the  conditions  of  existence  (i.e.  the  karma-formations  producing  ever  new  existence)  appear  as  terror,  as  driving  towards  death.  Whoso  considers  the  formations  as  misery,  to  him  the  continuity  of  existence  appears  as  terror,  as  something  oppressive.  Whoso  considers  the  formations  as  impersonal,  to  him  the  karmaformations,  as  well  as  the  continuity  of  existence,  appear  as  terror,  as  an  empty  village,  as  a  mirage,  etc.
(4)  Contemplation  of  misery  (or  danger)  is  another  aspect  of  the  awareness  of  terror:  "The  origin  (of  existence)  is  terror  ...  continuance  of  existence  is  terror  ...  arising  is  suffering”,  such  understanding  in  the  awareness  of  terror  is  the  knowledge  of  misery.”Non-arising  is  bliss”,  this  is  knowledge  of  the  peaceful  state  (Pts.M.  I,  59);  that  is,  the  no-more-arising  is  safety,  is  happiness,  is  Nibba^na.
(5)  Contemplation  of  aversion  means:  aversion  for  all  formations  as  terror,  therefore  its  name  ”awareness  of  terror”  has  come  into  use.  Because  it  has  made  known  the  misery  of  all  these  formations,  therefore  it  has  received  the  name  of  ”contemplation  of  misery”  (a^di^nava^nupassana^).  Because  it  has  arisen  through  aversion  for  those  formations,  therefore  it  is  known  as  ”contemplation  of  aversion”  (nibbida^nupassana^).
(6)  Knowledge  consisting  in  the  desire  for  deliverance  means:  the  desire  for  freedom  and  escape  from  all  formations  of  existence..  For  feeling  aversion  for  all  formations,  becoming  weary  of  them,  finding  no  more  delight  in  them,  the  mind  does  not  cling  to  a  single  one  of  all  these  formations.
(7)  Reflecting  contemplation  is  the  repeated  meditative  discernment  of  the  formations  of  existence,  attributing  to  them  the  3  characteristics  of  existence,  with  the  desire  to  find  deliverance  from  all  forms  of  existence.
(8)  Equanimity  regarding  all  formations:  "When  the  meditator  (through  reflecting  contemplation)  has  discerned  the  formations  by  applying  the  3  characteristics  to  them  and  sees  them  as  void,  he  abandons  both  terror  and  delight,  and  becomes  indifferent  and  equanimous  with  regard  to  all  formations;  he  neither  takes  them  as  I  nor  as  ”mine”;  he  is  like  a  man  who  has  divorced  his  wife"  (Vis.M.  XXI,  61).
Now,  while  continuing  to  contemplate  the  3  characteristics  of  existence  and  perceiving  the  tranquil  lot  of  Nibba^na  as  the  peace,  this  equanimity-knowledge  becomes  the  triple  gateway  to  liberation.  As  it  is  said  (Pts.M.  II,  p.  48):
"Three  gateways  to  liberation  (vimokkha-mukha;  s.  vimokkha  I)  lead  to  escape  from  the  world,  namely:  that  the  mind  is  contemplating  all  formations  as  limited,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  conditionless  element  (animitta-dha^tu);  that  the  mind  is  stirred  with  regard  to  all  formations  of  existence,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  desireless  element  (appanihita-dha^tu);  that  the  mind  sees  all  things  as  something  foreign,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  void  element  (sun~n~ata^-dha^tu)."
At  this  stage,  and  through  the  triple  gateway,  the  diversification  of  path  attainment  takes  place,  according  to  the  7  kinds  of  noble  persons  (ariya-puggala,  q.v.);  on  this  see  Vis.M.  XXI,  74ff.
The  6th,  7th  and  8th  knowledges,  according  to  Vis.M.  XXI,  form  really  only  one  single  knowledge  in  its  first,  middle  and  final  stages  of  development.  This  knowledge  is  also  known  as  the  ”insight  leading  to  path  ascent”  (vuttha^na-ga^mini^-vipassana^,  q.v.).
(9)  Adaptation  to  truth  (or  conformity  with  truth)  is  called  that  knowledge  which,  while  contemplating  impermanency,  etc.  adapts  itself  to  the  preceding  8  kinds  of  insight-knowledge,  as  well  as  to  the  immediately  following  supermundane  path  and  to  the  37  elements  pertaining  to  enlightenment  (bodhipakkhiya-dhamma,  q.v.).  It  is  identical  with  adaptation-knowledge  (anuloman~a^na).
"Whosoever  has  cultivated,  developed,  and  frequently  practised  ”equanimity  regarding  all  formations”  in  him  arises  very  strong  faith  known  as  determination  (adhimokkha-saddha^)  and  his  energy  is  better  exerted,  his  mindfulness  better  established,  his  mind  better  concentrated,  and  a  still  stronger  ”equanimity  regarding  the  formations”  arises.”Now  the  path  will  reveal  itself”,  thus  thinking,  the  meditator  contemplates  with  his  equanimity-knowledge  all  formations  as  impermanent,  etc.,  and  thereafter  that  knowledge  sinks  into  the  subconscious  stream  of  existence  (s.  bhavanga-sota^).  Immediately  afterwards  there  arises  advertence  at  the  mind-door  (s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca).  And  just  like  equanimity-knowledge,  the  adaptation-knowledge,  too,  takes  as  its  object  the  formations,  regarding  them  as  something  impermanent,  miserable  and  impersonal.  Thereupon,  while  continuing  the  uninterrupted  continuity  of  consciousness  (citta-santati),  there  arises  the  1st  impulsive  moment  (javana,  q.v.),  called  ”preparation”  (parikamma),  taking  the  same  formations  as  object.  Immediately  thereafter,  with  the  same  formations  as  object,  there  arises  the  2nd  impulsive  moment,  known  as  ”access”  (upaca^ra).  And  again  immediately  after  that,  there  arises  the  impulsive  moment  called  ”adaptation”  (anuloma)."
(VII)  Purification  of  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  the  knowledge  associated  with  any  of  the  4  kinds  of  supermundane  path-consciousness  (s.  ariyapuggala).
"Immediately  upon  this  adaptation-knowledge  there  arises  the  ”maturity-knowlege”  (gotrabhú-n~a^na;  s.  gotrabhú)  taking  as  object  the  Unconditioned,  the  standstill  of  existence,  the  absence  of  becoming,  cessation,  Nibba^na,  while  at  the  same  time  transcending  the  rank  (gotta  =  gotra:  lineage),  designation  and  plane  of  the  worldling  (puthujjana,  q.v.),  and  entering  the  rank,  designation  and  plane  of  the  Noble  Ones  (ariya),  being  the  first  turning  towards  Nibba^na  as  object,  the  first  thinking  of  it,  the  first  concentration  on  it,  and  the  condition  for  the  path  ...  forming  the  culmination  of  insight,  and  never  as  such  coming  back  again.
””As  the  immediate  continuation  following  upon  that  maturity  knowledge  (gotrabhú-n~a^na),  there  arises  the  first  path-consciousness  (Stream-entrance)  forever  destroying  the  first  3  of  the  10  fetters  of  existence  (samyojana,  q.v.),  and  closing  the  entrance  to  the  lower  worlds.  Immediately  after  this  path-knowledge,  there  arise,  as  its  result,  2  or  3  path-produced  states  of  consciousness,  the  fruitional  consciousness  (phala-citta).  Immediately  after  the  sinking  of  this  consciousness  into  the  subconscious  stream  of  existence,  the  retrospective  knowledge  (paccavekkhana-n~a^na,  q.v.)  arises,  having  the  path-consciousness  as  its  object"  (Vis.M.  XXI).  For  the  3  higher  paths,  s.  ariya-puggala.
Each  of  the  4  kinds  of  path-consciousness  performs  at  the  one  and  the  same  time  4  functions,  namely:  the  function  of  full  understanding  (parin~n~a^,  q.v.)  of  suffering,  the  function  of  overcoming  (paha^na,  q.v.)  the  origin  of  suffering,  the  function  of  realizing  (sacchikiriya^)  the  extinction  of  suffering,  the  function  of  developing  (bha^vana^,  q.v.)  the  supermundane  Noble  Eightfold  Path  (magga,  q.v.).
See  Path  of  Purification,  by  Buddhaghosa,  tr.  by  n~yanamoli  (BPS);  Path  of  Freedom,  by  Upatissa  (BPS).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【11】existence

  bhava  (q.v.)  -  The  5  groups  of  e.:  khandha  (q.v.)  -  The  4  substrata  of  e.:  upadhi  (q.v.).  -  Courses  of  e.:  gati  (q.v.).  -  Wheel  of  e.:  samsa^ra  (q.v.).  -  Craving  for  e.:  bhava-tanha^;  s.  tanha^;  -  The  3  characteristics  of  e.:  ti-lakkhana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【12】vanishing

  Contemplation  of:  vaya^nupassana^,  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassa^na,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【13】abhisamaya

  ”truth-realization”,  ...
is  the  full  and  direct  grasp  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths  by  the  Stream-winner  (Sota^panna;  s.  ariya-puggala).
In  the  Com.  the  term  is  represented  by  ”penetration”  (pativedha,  q.v.).  Frequently  occurring  as  dhamma^bhisamaya,  ”realization  of  the  doctrine”
Cf.  S.  XIII  (Abhisamaya  Samyutta)  and  Pts.M.  (Abhisamaya  Katha^).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【14】Bodhisatta

  ”Enlightenment  Being”,  is  a  being  destined  to  Buddhahood,  a  future  Buddha.  According  to  the  traditional  belief  a  Bodhisatta,  before  reaching  his  last  birth  as  a  Buddha  on  this  earth,  is  living  in  the  Tusita-heaven  (s.  deva),  the  heaven  of  bliss.  Cf.  A.  IV,  127;  VIII,  70.
In  the  Pa^li  Canon  and  commentaries,  the  designation  ”Bodhisatta”  is  given  only  to  Prince  Siddhattha  before  his  enlightenment  and  to  his  former  existences.  The  Buddha  himself  uses  this  term  when  speaking  of  his  life  prior  to  enlightenment  (e.g.  M.  4,  M.  26).  Bodhisattahood  is  neither  mentioned  nor  recommended  as  an  ideal  higher  than  or  alternative  to  Arahatship;  nor  is  there  any  record  in  the  Pa^li  scriptures  of  a  disciple  declaring  it  as  his  aspiration.  -  See  bodhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【15】few wishes

  s.  appicchata^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【16】patisandhi

  lit.”reunion,  relinking”,  i.e.  rebirth,  is  one  of  the  14  functions  of  consciousness  (vin~n~a^na-kicca,  q.v.).  It  is  a  karma-resultant  type  of  consciousness  and  arises  at  the  moment  of  conception  i.e.  with  the  forming  of  new  life  in  the  mother”s  womb.  Immediately  afterwards  it  sinks  into  the  subconscious  stream  of  existence  (bhavangasota,  q.v.),  and  conditioned  thereby  ever  and  ever  again  corresponding  states  of  subconsciousness  arise.  Thus  it  is  really  rebirth-consciousness  that  determines  the  latent  character  of  a  person.
"Neither  has  this  (rebirth-)  consciousness  transmigrated  from  the  previous  existence  to  this  present  existence,  nor  did  it  arise  without  such  conditions,  as  karma,  karma-formations,  propensity,  object,  etc.  That  this  consciousness  has  not  come  from  the  previous  existence  to  this  present  existence,  yet  that  it  has  come  into  existence  by  means  of  conditions  included  in  the  previous  existence,  such  as  karma  (q.v.),  etc.,  this  fact  may  be  illustrated  by  various  things,  such  as  the  echo,  the  light  of  a  lamp,  the  impression  of  a  seal,  or  the  image  produced  by  a  mirror.  For  just  as  the  resounding  of  the  echo  is  conditioned  by  a  sound,  etc.,  and  nowhere  a  transmigration  of  sound  has  taken  place,  just  so  it  is  with  this  consciousness.  Further  it  is  said:  ”In  this  continuous  process,  no  sameness  and  no  otherness  can  be  found.”  For  if  there  were  full  identity  (between  the  different  stages),  then  also  milk  never  could  turn  into  curd.  And  if  there  were  a  complete  otherness,  then  curd  could  never  come  from  milk....  If  in  a  continuity  of  existence  any  karma-result  takes  place,  then  this  karma-result  neither  belongs  to  any  other  being,  nor  does  it  come  from  any  other  (kamma),  because  absolute  sameness  and  otherness  are  excluded  here"  (Vis,  XVII  164ff).
In  Mil.  it  is  said:
"Now,  Venerable  Na^gasena,  the  one  who  is  reborn,  is  he  the  same  as  the  one  who  has  died,  or  is  he  another?"
"Neither  the  same,  nor  another"  (na  ca  so  na  ca  an~n~o).
"Give  me  an  example."
"What  do  you  think,  o  King:  are  you  now,  as  a  grown-up  person,  the  same  that  you  had  been  as  a  little,  young  and  tender  babe?  "
"No,  Venerable  Sir.  Another  person  was  the  little,  young  and  tender  babe,  but  quite  a  different  person  am  I  now  as  a  grown-up  man  ."...
"...  Is  perhaps  in  the  first  watch  of  the  night  one  lamp  burning,  another  one  in  the  middle  watch,  and  again  another  one  in  the  last  watch?"
"No,  Venerable  Sir.  The  light  during  the  whole  night  depends  on  one  and  the  same  lamp.””
"Just  so,  o  King,  is  the  chain  of  phenomena  linked  together.  One  phenomenon  arises,  another  vanishes,  yet  all  are  linked  together,  one  after  the  other,  without  interruption.  In  this  way  one  reaches  the  final  state  of  consciousnes  neither  as  the  same  person.  nor  as  another  person.””
According  to  the  nature  of  their  rebirth  consciousness,  beings  divide  into  the  following  3  groups:
1.  ahetu-patisandhika:  a  ”being  reborn  without  rootconditions”,  is  a  being  whose  consciousness  at  the  moment  of  rebirth  was  not  accompanied  by  any  of  the  3  noble  rootconditions,  viz.  greedlessness,  hatelessness,  undeludedness  (s.  múla),  i.e.  selflessness,  kindness,  intelligence.  Such  beings  are  found  in  the  4  lower  worlds  (apa^ya,  q.v.),  in  which  case  the  function  of  rebirth  is  exercised  by  the  class  of  consciousness  listed  in  Tab.  I  as  No.  56.  But  if  such  beings  are  born  in  the  sensuous  sphere  as  humans,  they  will  be  crippled,  blind,  deaf,  mentally  deficient,  etc.  (Rebirth-consciousness  =  Tab.  I,  No.  41)
2.  dvihetu  (or  duhetu)-patisandhika:  a  ”being  reborn  with  only  2  (noble)  root-conditions”,  i.e.  greedlessness  and  hatelessness.  (Rebirth-consciousness  =  Tab.  I,  Nos.  44,  45,  48  or  49.)
3.  tihetu-patisandhika:  a  ”being  reborn  with  3  (noble)  rootconditions”.  Such  a  being  can  be  found  only  among  men.  (Rebirth-consciousness  =  Tab.  1,  Nos.  42,  43,  46,  or  47)  and  higher  heavenly  beings.
On  these  3  types  of  rebirth,  See  Atthasa^lini  Tr.  11,  354  -  379.  (App.:  patisandhika).
In  the  suttas,  the  terms  for  rebirth  are  chiefly  punabbhava  (q.v.),  ”renewed  existence”,  and  abhinibbatti  ”arising”;  or  both  combined  as  punabbhava^bhinibbatti.  -  (App.:  patisandhi).
Literature  Vis.M.  XVII,  133f,  164f,  189f,  289f;  Vis.M.  XIX,  22f.  -  Karma  and  Rebirth,  by  Nyanatiloka  Thera  (WHEEL  9).  -  The  Case  for  Rebirth,  by  Francis  Story  (WHEEL  12/13).  -  Survival  and  Karma  in  Buddhist  Perspective,  by  K.  N.  Jayatilleke  (WHEEL  141/143).  -  Rebirth  Explained,  by  V.  F.  Gunaratna  (WHEEL  167/169).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【17】patisandhi

  is  chiefly  a  commentarial  term;  but  it  occurs  several  times  in  one  of  the  later  books  of  the  Sutta  Pitaka,  the  Patisambhida^  Magga  (Pts.M.  I,  11f,  52,  59f.;  II,  72f.).  The  usual  sutta  term  for  ”rebirth”  is  punabbhava.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【18】dissolution

  contemplation  of:  khaya^nupassana^,  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassana^,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【19】dispensation

  s.  sa^sana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【20】dissociation

  vippayutta-paccaya,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.)  .

南傳佛教英文辭典 【21】dry visioned

  s.  sukkha-vipassaka.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【22】patisandhika

  ahetu-,  dvihetu-,  and  tihetu-p.:  are  purely  commentarial  terms.  For  patisandhi-citta,  s.  citta-vi^thi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【23】petti visaya

”ghost  realm”;  s.  loka.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【24】purisindriya

  ”Virility”;  s.  bha^va,  khandha.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【25】abhisankha^ra

  identical  with  the  2nd  link  of  the  paticca-samuppa^da  (q.v.),  sankha^ra  (q.v.;  under  I,  1)  or  karmaformations  .

南傳佛教英文辭典 【26】disappearance

  vigata-paccaya,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.)  .  disciplinary  code:  s.  pa^timokkha.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【27】higher wisdom

  clear  insight  based  on  h.  w.:  s.  vipassana^.  Training  in  H.  W.,  s.  sikkha^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【28】patisambhida^

  ”analytical  knowledge”  or  ”discrimination”,  is  of  4  kinds:  analytical  knowledge  of  the  true  meaning  (attha-patisambhida^),  of  the  law  (dhamma-patisambhida^),  of  language  (nirutti-patisambhida^),  of  ready  wit  (patibha^na-patisambhida^).
As  an  alternative  rendering  of  the  fourth  term  (patibha^na),  Bhikkhu  n~a^namoli  proposes:  perspicuity  (in  expression  and  knowledge).

1.  The  analytical  knowledge  of  the  meaning  (attha-p.)  is  the  knowledge  with  regard  to  the  sense.
2.  The  analytical  knowledge  of  the  law  (dhamma-p.)  is  the  knowledge  with  regard  to  the  law.
3.  The  analytical  knowledge  of  language  (nirutti-p.)  is  the  knowledge  of  the  language  with  regard  to  those  former  2  things.
4.  The  analytical  knowledge  of  ready-wit  (patibha^na-p.)  is  the  knowledge  about  the  (former  3)  kinds  of  knowledge"  (Vibh.  XV).

"(1)  attha  (Sanskrit  artha,  ?  ar,  to  reach;  result,  meaning,  purpose,  true  substance)  designates,  in  short,  the  fruit  (phala)  of  a  cause  (hetu);  for  since  the  fruit  of  a  cause  results  from  adhering  to  the  cause,  and  is  reached  and  effected  thereby,  therefore  it  is  called  result  (attha).  In  particular,  however,  5  things  are  considered  as  attha,  namely:  everything  dependent  on  conditions,  Nibba^na,  the  meaning  of  words,  karma-result,  and  functional  consciousness.  When  anyone  reflects  on  that  meaning  any  knowledge  of  his,  falling  within  the  category  concerned  with  meaning  (or  result),  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  meaning.
"(2)  dhamma  (Sanskrit  dharma,  ?  dhar,  to  bear;  bearer,  condition,  law,  phenomenon,  thing)  is,  in  short,  a  name  for  condition  (paccaya)....  In  particular,  however,  5  things  are  considered  as  dhamma,  namely:  every  cause  (hetu)  producing  a  result,  the  noble  path,  the  spoken  word,  the  karmically  wholesome,  the  karmically  unwholesome.  When  anyone  reflects  on  that  law,  any  knowledge  of  his,  falling  within  the  category  concerned  with  law  (or  cause),  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  law.
In  Vibh.  it  is  further  said:  ”The  knowledge  of  suffering  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  true  meaning  (attha-patisambhida^),  the  knowledge  of  its  origin  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  law  (dhamma-patisambhida^).  The  knowledge  of  the  cause  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  law  (dhamma-patisambhida^),  the  knowledge  of  the  result  of  the  cause  is  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  true  meaning  (attha-patisambhida^)...  That  the  monk  knows  the  law,  the  sunas  etc.  this  is  called  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  law  (dhamma-patisambhida^);  if  however,  he  understands  the  meaning  of  this  or  that  speech...  it  is  called  the  ”analytical  knowledge”  of  the  true  meaning  (attha-patisambhida^).”
(3)  "”The  knowledge  of  the  language  concerning  those  things”  means:  the  language  corresponding  to  reality,  and  the  unfailing  mode  of  expression  concerning  the  true  meaning  and  the  law.
(4)  "”Knowledge  about  the  kinds  of  knowledges”  is  that  knowledge  which  has  all  knowledges  as  object  and  considers  them.  Or,  the  analytical  knowledge  of  ready  wit  (patibha^na-patisambhida^)  means  the  knowledge  of  the  above  mentioned  3  kinds  of  knowledge,  in  all  their  details,  with  their  objects,  functions,  etc."  (Vis.M.  XIV).
On  the  7  qualities  leading  to  the  attainment  of  the  4  ”analytical  knowledge”  ,  s.  A.  VII,  37  -  See  Vis.M.  XIV,  21ff;  Vibh.  XV;  Pts.M.  Patisambhida^  Katha^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【29】patisankha^na

  bala  and  bha^vana^  bala:  ”power  of  reflection”,  and  ”power  of  mental  development”.  About  these  2  powers  it  is  said  in  A.  II,  10:
"What,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  reflection?  If,  o  monks,  someone  thinks  thus:  ”Bad  conduct  in  deeds,  words  and  thoughts  verily  bears  bad  fruits  both  in  this  life,  as  well  as  in  the  next  life”,  and  in  consequence  of  this  consideration,  he  abandons  bad  conduct  in  deeds,  words  and  thoughts,  follows  good  conduct,  and  keeps  his  heart  pure,  this,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  reflection.
"What,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  mental  development?  If,  o  monks,  a  monk  develops  the  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.),  bent  on  solitude,  on  detachment,  on  extinction,  and  ending  in  deliverance,  namely:  mindfulness,  investigating  of  the  law,  energy,  rapture,  tranquillity,  concentration,  and  equanimity,  this,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  mental  development."

南傳佛教英文辭典 【30】altruistic joy

  mudita^,  is  one  of  the  4  sublime  abodes  (brahmaviha^ra,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【31】citta visuddhi

”purification  of  mind”,  is  the  2nd  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi,  II,.  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【32】foolish babble

  sampha-ppala^pa;  s.  karma,  kammapatha  (I);  cf.  tiraccha^na-katha^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【33】visible object

  s.  a^yatana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【34】characteristics

  of  existence,  the.  3:  ti-lakkhana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【35】ditthi visuddhi

”purification  of  view”  is  the  3rd  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi  III,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【36】misapprehension

  s.  para^ma^sa.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【37】nihilistic view

  natthika-ditthi;  s.  ditthi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【38】nissaya paccaya

”support”,  base,  foundation,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (s.  paccaya,  8).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【39】tranquilisation

  Overcoming  (of  defilements)  by  way  of:  s.  paha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【40】nissaya nissita

  These  two  terms,  in  combination  with  tanha^  and  ditthi,  belong  probably,  as  such,  to  the  commentarial  literature,  e.g.  Vis.M.  I.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【41】adhisi^la sikkha^

”training  in  higher  morality”:  s.  sikkha^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【42】disinterestedness

  (regarding  the  whole  world):  s.  sabbaloke  anabhirati-san~n~a^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【43】nissarana paha^na

”overcoming  by  escape”,  is  one  of  the  5  kinds  of  overcoming  (paha^na  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【44】nissarana paha^na

  s.  paha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【45】non disappearance

  avigata-paccaya,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【46】pa^risuddhi si^la

”morality  consisting  in  purity”,  is  fourfold:  restraint  with  regard  to  the  monks”  Disciplinary  Code,  sense  restraint,  purity  of  livelihood,  morality  with  regard  to  the  monks”  4  requisites;  for  details,  s.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【47】pakati upanissaya

”direct  inducement”;  s.  paccaya.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【48】ahetu patisandhika

  s.  patisandhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【49】cycle of existence

  s.  samsara^,  vatta.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【50】upanissaya paccaya

”decisive  support”  or  ”inducement”,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【51】wheel of existence

  s.  samsa^ra,  vatta.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【52】yoniso manasika^ra

”thorough  attention”  or  wise  consideration”:  s.  manasika^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【53】attha patisambhida^

  The  ”analytical  knowledge  of  meaning”,  is  one  of  the  4  kinds  of  analytical  knowledge  (patisambhida^,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【54】discursive thinking

  vica^ra;  s.  vitakka-vica^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【55】maha^purisa vitakka

  the  8  ”thoughts  of  a  great  man”,  are  described  in  A.  VIII,  30,  and  D.  34.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【56】one group existence

  eka-voka^ra-bhava  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【57】red kasina exercise

  s.  kasina.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【58】dhamma patisambhida^

  the  ”analytical  knowledge  of  the  law,  is  one  of  the  4  kinds  of  analytical  knowledge  (patisambhida^,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【59】ditthi nissita si^la

”morality  based  on  wrong  views”;  s.  nissaya.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【60】five group existence

  pan~ca-voka^ra-bhava  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【61】four group existence

  catu-voka^ra-bhava  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【62】pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra

  ”meritorious  karma-formations”  of  the  sensuous  and  fine-material  sphere;  s.  sankha^ra  I.  1.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【63】tanha^ nissita si^la

”morality  based  on  craving”  (s.  nissaya).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【64】ti hetu patisandhika

  s.  patisandhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【65】anupa^disesa nibba^na

  see  Nibba^na,  upa^di.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【66】apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra

  s.  sankha^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【67】dvi hetuka patisandhi

  s.  patisandhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【68】ninefold dispensation

  s:  sa^sana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【69】nirutti patisambhida^

  the  ”analytical  knowledge  of  language”,  is  one  of  the  4  patisambhida^  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【70】visesa bha^giya si^la

  (-sama^dhi,  -pan~n~a^):  morality  (concentration,  wisdom)  connected  with  progress”.  For  details,  s.  ha^nabha^giya-si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【71】abhisama^ca^rika si^la

”morality  consisting  in  good  behaviour”,  ...
”morality  consisting  in  good  behaviour”,  
relates  to  the  external  duties  of  a  monk  such  as  towards  his  superior,  etc.
"abhisama^ca^rika  si^la  is  a  name  for  those  moral  rules  other  than  the  8  ending  with  right  livelihood  (i.e.  4-fold  right  speech,  3-fold  right  action  and  right  livelihood,  as  in  the  Eightfold  Path)  (Vis.M.  I;  s.  sacca  IV,  3-5).
"Impossible  is  it,  o  monks,  that  without  having  fulfilled  the  law  of  good  behaviour,  a  monk  could  fulfil  the  law  of  genuine  pure  conduct"  (A.V.21).
Cf.  a^dibrahmacariyakasi^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【72】catu pa^risuddhi si^la

  s.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【73】n~a^nadassana visuddhi

”purification  of  knowledge  and  vision”,  is  the  last  of  the  7  purifications  and  a  name  for  path-knowledge  (maggan~a^na),  i.e.  the  penetrating  realization  of  the  path  of  Stream-winning,  Once-returning,  Non-returning  or  Arahatship.  Vis.M.  XXII  furnishes  a  detailed  explanation  of  it  (s.  visuddhi,  VII).
In  A.  IV,  41  n~a^nadassana  apparently  means  the  divine  eye  (dibbacakkhu,  s.  abhin~n~a^),  being  produced  through  concentrating  the  mind  on  light.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【74】resistance perceptions

  s.  patigha  (2a).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【75】sa upa^disesa nibba^na

  s.  nibba^na,  upa^di.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【76】substrata of existence

  upadhi  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【77】patinissagga^nupassana^

  ”contemplation  on  abandonment”,  is  one  of  the  18  kinds  of  insight  (vipassana^  q.v.).  Further  cf.  the  16th  exercise  of  anapana-sati  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【78】sabbúpadhi patinissagga

  s.  upadhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【79】paccaya sannissita si^la

”morality  consisting  in  the  wise  use  of  the  monk”s  requisities”;  s.  si^la  (4).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【80】patibha^na patisambhida^

  the  ”analytical  knowledge  of  ready  wit”:  s.  patisambhida^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【81】a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la

”morality  consisting  in  purification  of  livelihood”,  is  one  of  the  4  kinds  of  perfect  morality;  s.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【82】kankha^ vitarana visuddhi

”purification  by  overcoming  doubt”,  is  the  4th  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【83】pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga

  the  4  ”elements  of  the  effort  for  purity”,  are:  effort  for  purity  of  morality  (si^la-parisuddhi-padha^niyanga),  for  purity  of  mind  (citta),  of  view  (ditthi),  of  deliverance  (vimutti).  Cf.  A.  IV,  194.  -  Another  9  factors  are  enumerated  in  D.  34,  namely  the  7  ”stages  of  purification  (s.  visuddhi)  and  the  effort  for  purity  of  (higher)  knowledge  (vijja^-p.-p.)  and  of  deliverance  (vimutti-p.-p.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【84】registering consciousness

  tada^rammana-citta  (s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【85】support decisive support

  (nissaya,  upanissaya)  are  two  of  the  24  conditions  (s.  paccaya).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【86】vanishing and reappearing

  knowledge  of  the  v.  and  r.  of  beings  according  to  karma,  is  identical  with  the  divine  eye  (s.  abhin~n~a^  5).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【87】analysis of the 4 elements

  dha^tu-vavattha^na  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【88】happy courses of existence

  s.  gati.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【89】impersonality of existence

  s.  anatta^.  -  Contemplation  of:  s.  vipassana^  (3).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【90】patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na

”knowledge  consisting  in  reflective  contemplation";  is  one  of  the  9  knowledges  constituting  the  ”purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress”  (patipada^-n~a^nadassanavisuddhi;  s.  visuddhi  VI),  and  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (maha^vipassana^;  s.  vipassana^).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【91】patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi

”purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress”  forms  the  6th  stage  of  purification  (visuddhi,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【92】magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi

”purification  by  knowledge  of  what  is  path  and  not-path”,  is  one  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi  V,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【93】a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya

  s.  paccaya.

南传佛教英文辞典中的【93】個結果已顯示完畢,您可以:

菩提下 - 非贏利性佛教文化公益網站

Copyright © 2020 PuTiXia.Net