and fall (of phenomena): the knowledge consisting in the contemplation of r. and f., s. visuddhi VI, 1.
”envy”, is a karmically unwholesome (akusala) mental factor, which is occasionally associated with hate-rooted consciousness (s. Tab. I. 30, 31,). Explained in Pug. 55.
s. indriya (21).
contemplation of: dukkha^nupassana^; s. ti-lakkhana.
pan~n~a^ (q.v.).
and vanishing (of things). The knowledge consisting in the contemplation of; s. visuddhi (VI. 1.).
one of the ”divine messengers” (deva-dúta, q.v.).
”foundation”. The 2 wrong foundations of morality are craving (tanha^-nissaya) and views (ditthi-nissaya). Hence there are two wrong bases of morality: morality based on craving (tanha^-nissita-si^la) and morality based on views (ditthi-nissita-si^la). (App.)
"”Based on craving” is that kind of morality which has come about by the desire for a happy existence, e.g.: ”O that by this morality I might become a godlike or heavenly being!” (A.IX, 172).”Based on views” is that morality which has been induced by the view that through the observation of certain moral rules purification may be attained" (Vis.M. I).
s. ditthi.
”purification”, purity. The ”7 stages of purification” (satta-visuddhi) form the substructure of Upatissa”s Vimutti-Magga (The Path To Freedom), preserved only in Chinese, as well as of Buddhaghosa”s monumental work, Visuddhi-Magga (The Path of Purification), based on the former work.
The only place in the Canon where these 7 kinds of purification are mentioned is M. 24, "The Simile of the Stage-coach" (s.”Path”, §64), wherein their purpose and goal are illustrated. There it is said that the real and ultimate goal does not consist in purification of morality, or of mind, or of view, etc., but in total deliverance and extinction. Now, just as one mounts the first coach and travels to the second coach, then mounts the second coach and travels with it to the third coach, etc., in exactly the same way the goal of (I) the purification of morality (sila-visuddhi) is (II) the purification of mind (citta-visuddhi); its goal: (III) the purification of view (ditthi-visuddhi); its goal: (IV) the purification by overcoming doubt (kankha^vitarana-visuddhi); its goal: (V) the purification by knowledge and vision of what is path and not-path (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi); its goal: (VI) the purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi); its goal: (VII) the purification of knowledge and vision (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi); but the goal of this purification is deliverance freed from all clinging.
(I) "Purification of morality (si^la-visuddhi) consists of the 4-fold purity of morality (catu-pa^risuddhi-si^la), namely: restraint with regard to the Disciplinary Code (pa^timokkhasamvara-si^la), sense-restraint (indriysamvara-si^la), purity of livelihood (a^ji^vapa^risuddhi-si^la), morality with regard to the 4 requisites (paccaya-sannissita-si^la)" (Vis.M. XVIII). On these 4 terms, s. si^la. - In the case of a layman, it entails the observance of whatever moral rules (5 or more) he has taken upon himself.
(II) "Purification of mind (citta-visuddhi) is a name for the 8 attainments (= absorptions: jha^na, q.v.), as well as for neighbourhood-concentration (upaca^ra-sama^dhi; s. sama^dhi)." (ib.).
(III) "By purification of view (ditthi-visuddhi) is meant the understanding, according to reality, of mind and corporeality (na^marúpa, q.v.)... which is founded on undeludedness (wisdom) as base, and which in manifold ways determines mind and corporeality after overcoming all belief in a persollality (atta^: self, ego.)." (ib.).
(IV) "By purification by overcoming doubt (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi) is meant the understanding which, by grasping the conditions of this mind and corporeality, has escaped from all doubt with regard to the 3 times (past, present, future)." (ib. XIX)
(V) "By purification by knowledge and vision of what is path and not-path (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi) is meant that understanding which knows the right path from the wrong path: ”This is the right path, that the wrong path.”" (ib. XX)
In order to attain this 5th stage of purification, one at first should develop methodical insight (naya-vipassana^), i.e. through contemplation of the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.). For whosoever does not yet possess a perfectly developed insight, to him such phenomena as effulgence of light, etc. (see below), arising during insight, may become impediments in the 3 kinds of full understanding here considered (s. parin~n~a^).
”As soon as the manifold ways and characteristics of the 4 Truths (sacca) and the dependent origination (paticcasamuppa^da) have become clear to the meditating disciple, he says to himself: Thus do these things never before arisen arise, and having arisen they disappear again. Thus do the formations of existence ever and again arise as something quite new. But not only are they something new, they are moreover also of limited duration, like a dew-drop at sunrise, like a bubble, like a line drawn with a stick in the water, like a mustard seed placed on the point of an arrow, or like a flash of lightning. Also as something unsubstantial and empty do they appear, as jugglery, as a mirage .... Merely something subject to vanishing arises, and having arisen disappears again.”"
During such insight practice, however, may arise the 10 imperfections (or defilements) of insight (vipassanúpakkilesa): effulgence of light (obha^sa), knowledge (n~a^na), rapture (pi^ti), tranquillity (passaddhi), happiness (sukha), determination (adhimokkha), energy (paggaha), awareness (upattha^na), delight (nikanti). - See Vis.M. XX, 105f. (App.).
Excepting the last one, ”delight”, they are not imperfections or defilements in themselves, but may become a basis for them through the arising of pride or delight or by a wrong conclusion that one of the holy paths has been attained. He, however, who is watchful and experienced in insight practice, will know that these states of mind do not indicate attainment of the true path, but are only symptoms or concomitants of insight meditation.
"Thus far the meditating disciple has determined 3 of the truths, namely while determining the corporeal and mental phenomena he has, through purification of view (ditthi-visuddhi), determined the ”truth of suffering”. While grasping the conditions he has, through purification by overcoming doubt (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi), determined the ”truth of the origin of suffering”. While determining the right path, he has, through purification by knowledge and vision of what is path and not-path (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi), determined the ”truth of the path” (leading to the extinction of suffering)."
(VI) Purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi) is the insight perfected in 8 kinds of knowledge, together with the 9th knowledge, the ”knowledge adapting itself to truth”.
By the 8 kinds of knowledge are here meant the following, which are freed from defilements, follow the right process, and are considered as insight, namely:
1. knowledge consisting in contemplation of rise and fall (udayabbaya^nupassana^-n~a^na),
2. in contemplation of dissolution (bhanga^nupassana^-n~a^na),
3. in awareness of terror (or the fearful) (bhayatúpattha^na^-n~a^na),
4. in contemplation of misery (a^di^nava^nupassana^-n~a^na),
5. in contemplation of aversion (nibbida^nupassana^-n~a^na),
6. in the desire for deliverance (muccitu-kamyata^-n~a^na),
7. in reflecting contemplation (patisankha^nupassana^-n~a^na),
8. in equanimity regarding all formations of existence (sankha^rupekkha^-n~a^na) - which is followed by
9. in adaptation to truth (sacca^nulomika-n~a^na).
(1) consists in the meditative observation of the 3 characteristics of existence (impermanence, suffering, no self) in one”s own bodily and mental processes. As long as the mind is still disturbed by the 10 imperfections (s. V), the 3 characteristics will not become fully clear in their true nature. Only when the mind is free from these imperfections can the characteristics be observed clearly.
(2) When through such repeated practice, knowledge and mindfulness have grown keen and the bodily and mental formations become apparent quickly, at that stage the phase of dissolution of these formations will become prominent.
"Consciousness with (e.g.) materiality as its object arises and dissolves. Having reflected on that object, he contemplates the dissolution of (reflecting) consciousness." (Pts.M. I, 57, quoted in Vis.M. XXI, 11).
The 8 blessings of this knowledge are: abandoning the belief in eternal existence (bhava-ditthi), giving up attachment to life, constant right application (of mind to meditative endeavour), a purified livelihood, overcoming of anxiety, absence of fear, acquisition of forbearance and gentleness, conquest of discontent and sensual delight (Vis.M. XXI, 28).
(3) Knowledge consisting in awareness of terror (or fearfulness) is the seeing of terror in the conditions as well as the continuity of existence. For whoso considers the formations as impermanent, to him the conditions of existence (i.e. the karma-formations producing ever new existence) appear as terror, as driving towards death. Whoso considers the formations as misery, to him the continuity of existence appears as terror, as something oppressive. Whoso considers the formations as impersonal, to him the karmaformations, as well as the continuity of existence, appear as terror, as an empty village, as a mirage, etc.
(4) Contemplation of misery (or danger) is another aspect of the awareness of terror: "The origin (of existence) is terror ... continuance of existence is terror ... arising is suffering”, such understanding in the awareness of terror is the knowledge of misery.”Non-arising is bliss”, this is knowledge of the peaceful state (Pts.M. I, 59); that is, the no-more-arising is safety, is happiness, is Nibba^na.
(5) Contemplation of aversion means: aversion for all formations as terror, therefore its name ”awareness of terror” has come into use. Because it has made known the misery of all these formations, therefore it has received the name of ”contemplation of misery” (a^di^nava^nupassana^). Because it has arisen through aversion for those formations, therefore it is known as ”contemplation of aversion” (nibbida^nupassana^).
(6) Knowledge consisting in the desire for deliverance means: the desire for freedom and escape from all formations of existence.. For feeling aversion for all formations, becoming weary of them, finding no more delight in them, the mind does not cling to a single one of all these formations.
(7) Reflecting contemplation is the repeated meditative discernment of the formations of existence, attributing to them the 3 characteristics of existence, with the desire to find deliverance from all forms of existence.
(8) Equanimity regarding all formations: "When the meditator (through reflecting contemplation) has discerned the formations by applying the 3 characteristics to them and sees them as void, he abandons both terror and delight, and becomes indifferent and equanimous with regard to all formations; he neither takes them as I nor as ”mine”; he is like a man who has divorced his wife" (Vis.M. XXI, 61).
Now, while continuing to contemplate the 3 characteristics of existence and perceiving the tranquil lot of Nibba^na as the peace, this equanimity-knowledge becomes the triple gateway to liberation. As it is said (Pts.M. II, p. 48):
"Three gateways to liberation (vimokkha-mukha; s. vimokkha I) lead to escape from the world, namely: that the mind is contemplating all formations as limited, and is rushing forward to the conditionless element (animitta-dha^tu); that the mind is stirred with regard to all formations of existence, and is rushing forward to the desireless element (appanihita-dha^tu); that the mind sees all things as something foreign, and is rushing forward to the void element (sun~n~ata^-dha^tu)."
At this stage, and through the triple gateway, the diversification of path attainment takes place, according to the 7 kinds of noble persons (ariya-puggala, q.v.); on this see Vis.M. XXI, 74ff.
The 6th, 7th and 8th knowledges, according to Vis.M. XXI, form really only one single knowledge in its first, middle and final stages of development. This knowledge is also known as the ”insight leading to path ascent” (vuttha^na-ga^mini^-vipassana^, q.v.).
(9) Adaptation to truth (or conformity with truth) is called that knowledge which, while contemplating impermanency, etc. adapts itself to the preceding 8 kinds of insight-knowledge, as well as to the immediately following supermundane path and to the 37 elements pertaining to enlightenment (bodhipakkhiya-dhamma, q.v.). It is identical with adaptation-knowledge (anuloman~a^na).
"Whosoever has cultivated, developed, and frequently practised ”equanimity regarding all formations” in him arises very strong faith known as determination (adhimokkha-saddha^) and his energy is better exerted, his mindfulness better established, his mind better concentrated, and a still stronger ”equanimity regarding the formations” arises.”Now the path will reveal itself”, thus thinking, the meditator contemplates with his equanimity-knowledge all formations as impermanent, etc., and thereafter that knowledge sinks into the subconscious stream of existence (s. bhavanga-sota^). Immediately afterwards there arises advertence at the mind-door (s. vin~n~a^na-kicca). And just like equanimity-knowledge, the adaptation-knowledge, too, takes as its object the formations, regarding them as something impermanent, miserable and impersonal. Thereupon, while continuing the uninterrupted continuity of consciousness (citta-santati), there arises the 1st impulsive moment (javana, q.v.), called ”preparation” (parikamma), taking the same formations as object. Immediately thereafter, with the same formations as object, there arises the 2nd impulsive moment, known as ”access” (upaca^ra). And again immediately after that, there arises the impulsive moment called ”adaptation” (anuloma)."
(VII) Purification of knowledge and vision (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi) is the knowledge associated with any of the 4 kinds of supermundane path-consciousness (s. ariyapuggala).
"Immediately upon this adaptation-knowledge there arises the ”maturity-knowlege” (gotrabhú-n~a^na; s. gotrabhú) taking as object the Unconditioned, the standstill of existence, the absence of becoming, cessation, Nibba^na, while at the same time transcending the rank (gotta = gotra: lineage), designation and plane of the worldling (puthujjana, q.v.), and entering the rank, designation and plane of the Noble Ones (ariya), being the first turning towards Nibba^na as object, the first thinking of it, the first concentration on it, and the condition for the path ... forming the culmination of insight, and never as such coming back again.
””As the immediate continuation following upon that maturity knowledge (gotrabhú-n~a^na), there arises the first path-consciousness (Stream-entrance) forever destroying the first 3 of the 10 fetters of existence (samyojana, q.v.), and closing the entrance to the lower worlds. Immediately after this path-knowledge, there arise, as its result, 2 or 3 path-produced states of consciousness, the fruitional consciousness (phala-citta). Immediately after the sinking of this consciousness into the subconscious stream of existence, the retrospective knowledge (paccavekkhana-n~a^na, q.v.) arises, having the path-consciousness as its object" (Vis.M. XXI). For the 3 higher paths, s. ariya-puggala.
Each of the 4 kinds of path-consciousness performs at the one and the same time 4 functions, namely: the function of full understanding (parin~n~a^, q.v.) of suffering, the function of overcoming (paha^na, q.v.) the origin of suffering, the function of realizing (sacchikiriya^) the extinction of suffering, the function of developing (bha^vana^, q.v.) the supermundane Noble Eightfold Path (magga, q.v.).
See Path of Purification, by Buddhaghosa, tr. by n~yanamoli (BPS); Path of Freedom, by Upatissa (BPS).
bhava (q.v.) - The 5 groups of e.: khandha (q.v.) - The 4 substrata of e.: upadhi (q.v.). - Courses of e.: gati (q.v.). - Wheel of e.: samsa^ra (q.v.). - Craving for e.: bhava-tanha^; s. tanha^; - The 3 characteristics of e.: ti-lakkhana (q.v.).
Contemplation of: vaya^nupassana^, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (vipassa^na, q.v.).
”truth-realization”, ...
is the full and direct grasp of the Four Noble Truths by the Stream-winner (Sota^panna; s. ariya-puggala).
In the Com. the term is represented by ”penetration” (pativedha, q.v.). Frequently occurring as dhamma^bhisamaya, ”realization of the doctrine”
Cf. S. XIII (Abhisamaya Samyutta) and Pts.M. (Abhisamaya Katha^).
”Enlightenment Being”, is a being destined to Buddhahood, a future Buddha. According to the traditional belief a Bodhisatta, before reaching his last birth as a Buddha on this earth, is living in the Tusita-heaven (s. deva), the heaven of bliss. Cf. A. IV, 127; VIII, 70.
In the Pa^li Canon and commentaries, the designation ”Bodhisatta” is given only to Prince Siddhattha before his enlightenment and to his former existences. The Buddha himself uses this term when speaking of his life prior to enlightenment (e.g. M. 4, M. 26). Bodhisattahood is neither mentioned nor recommended as an ideal higher than or alternative to Arahatship; nor is there any record in the Pa^li scriptures of a disciple declaring it as his aspiration. - See bodhi.
s. appicchata^.
lit.”reunion, relinking”, i.e. rebirth, is one of the 14 functions of consciousness (vin~n~a^na-kicca, q.v.). It is a karma-resultant type of consciousness and arises at the moment of conception i.e. with the forming of new life in the mother”s womb. Immediately afterwards it sinks into the subconscious stream of existence (bhavangasota, q.v.), and conditioned thereby ever and ever again corresponding states of subconsciousness arise. Thus it is really rebirth-consciousness that determines the latent character of a person.
"Neither has this (rebirth-) consciousness transmigrated from the previous existence to this present existence, nor did it arise without such conditions, as karma, karma-formations, propensity, object, etc. That this consciousness has not come from the previous existence to this present existence, yet that it has come into existence by means of conditions included in the previous existence, such as karma (q.v.), etc., this fact may be illustrated by various things, such as the echo, the light of a lamp, the impression of a seal, or the image produced by a mirror. For just as the resounding of the echo is conditioned by a sound, etc., and nowhere a transmigration of sound has taken place, just so it is with this consciousness. Further it is said: ”In this continuous process, no sameness and no otherness can be found.” For if there were full identity (between the different stages), then also milk never could turn into curd. And if there were a complete otherness, then curd could never come from milk.... If in a continuity of existence any karma-result takes place, then this karma-result neither belongs to any other being, nor does it come from any other (kamma), because absolute sameness and otherness are excluded here" (Vis, XVII 164ff).
In Mil. it is said:
"Now, Venerable Na^gasena, the one who is reborn, is he the same as the one who has died, or is he another?"
"Neither the same, nor another" (na ca so na ca an~n~o).
"Give me an example."
"What do you think, o King: are you now, as a grown-up person, the same that you had been as a little, young and tender babe? "
"No, Venerable Sir. Another person was the little, young and tender babe, but quite a different person am I now as a grown-up man ."...
"... Is perhaps in the first watch of the night one lamp burning, another one in the middle watch, and again another one in the last watch?"
"No, Venerable Sir. The light during the whole night depends on one and the same lamp.””
"Just so, o King, is the chain of phenomena linked together. One phenomenon arises, another vanishes, yet all are linked together, one after the other, without interruption. In this way one reaches the final state of consciousnes neither as the same person. nor as another person.””
According to the nature of their rebirth consciousness, beings divide into the following 3 groups:
1. ahetu-patisandhika: a ”being reborn without rootconditions”, is a being whose consciousness at the moment of rebirth was not accompanied by any of the 3 noble rootconditions, viz. greedlessness, hatelessness, undeludedness (s. múla), i.e. selflessness, kindness, intelligence. Such beings are found in the 4 lower worlds (apa^ya, q.v.), in which case the function of rebirth is exercised by the class of consciousness listed in Tab. I as No. 56. But if such beings are born in the sensuous sphere as humans, they will be crippled, blind, deaf, mentally deficient, etc. (Rebirth-consciousness = Tab. I, No. 41)
2. dvihetu (or duhetu)-patisandhika: a ”being reborn with only 2 (noble) root-conditions”, i.e. greedlessness and hatelessness. (Rebirth-consciousness = Tab. I, Nos. 44, 45, 48 or 49.)
3. tihetu-patisandhika: a ”being reborn with 3 (noble) rootconditions”. Such a being can be found only among men. (Rebirth-consciousness = Tab. 1, Nos. 42, 43, 46, or 47) and higher heavenly beings.
On these 3 types of rebirth, See Atthasa^lini Tr. 11, 354 - 379. (App.: patisandhika).
In the suttas, the terms for rebirth are chiefly punabbhava (q.v.), ”renewed existence”, and abhinibbatti ”arising”; or both combined as punabbhava^bhinibbatti. - (App.: patisandhi).
Literature Vis.M. XVII, 133f, 164f, 189f, 289f; Vis.M. XIX, 22f. - Karma and Rebirth, by Nyanatiloka Thera (WHEEL 9). - The Case for Rebirth, by Francis Story (WHEEL 12/13). - Survival and Karma in Buddhist Perspective, by K. N. Jayatilleke (WHEEL 141/143). - Rebirth Explained, by V. F. Gunaratna (WHEEL 167/169).
is chiefly a commentarial term; but it occurs several times in one of the later books of the Sutta Pitaka, the Patisambhida^ Magga (Pts.M. I, 11f, 52, 59f.; II, 72f.). The usual sutta term for ”rebirth” is punabbhava.
contemplation of: khaya^nupassana^, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (vipassana^, q.v.).
s. sa^sana.
vippayutta-paccaya, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.) .
s. sukkha-vipassaka.
ahetu-, dvihetu-, and tihetu-p.: are purely commentarial terms. For patisandhi-citta, s. citta-vi^thi.
”ghost realm”; s. loka.
”Virility”; s. bha^va, khandha.
identical with the 2nd link of the paticca-samuppa^da (q.v.), sankha^ra (q.v.; under I, 1) or karmaformations .
vigata-paccaya, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.) . disciplinary code: s. pa^timokkha.
clear insight based on h. w.: s. vipassana^. Training in H. W., s. sikkha^.
”analytical knowledge” or ”discrimination”, is of 4 kinds: analytical knowledge of the true meaning (attha-patisambhida^), of the law (dhamma-patisambhida^), of language (nirutti-patisambhida^), of ready wit (patibha^na-patisambhida^).
As an alternative rendering of the fourth term (patibha^na), Bhikkhu n~a^namoli proposes: perspicuity (in expression and knowledge).
1. The analytical knowledge of the meaning (attha-p.) is the knowledge with regard to the sense.
2. The analytical knowledge of the law (dhamma-p.) is the knowledge with regard to the law.
3. The analytical knowledge of language (nirutti-p.) is the knowledge of the language with regard to those former 2 things.
4. The analytical knowledge of ready-wit (patibha^na-p.) is the knowledge about the (former 3) kinds of knowledge" (Vibh. XV).
"(1) attha (Sanskrit artha, ? ar, to reach; result, meaning, purpose, true substance) designates, in short, the fruit (phala) of a cause (hetu); for since the fruit of a cause results from adhering to the cause, and is reached and effected thereby, therefore it is called result (attha). In particular, however, 5 things are considered as attha, namely: everything dependent on conditions, Nibba^na, the meaning of words, karma-result, and functional consciousness. When anyone reflects on that meaning any knowledge of his, falling within the category concerned with meaning (or result), is the ”analytical knowledge” of meaning.
"(2) dhamma (Sanskrit dharma, ? dhar, to bear; bearer, condition, law, phenomenon, thing) is, in short, a name for condition (paccaya).... In particular, however, 5 things are considered as dhamma, namely: every cause (hetu) producing a result, the noble path, the spoken word, the karmically wholesome, the karmically unwholesome. When anyone reflects on that law, any knowledge of his, falling within the category concerned with law (or cause), is the ”analytical knowledge” of the law.
In Vibh. it is further said: ”The knowledge of suffering is the ”analytical knowledge” of the true meaning (attha-patisambhida^), the knowledge of its origin is the ”analytical knowledge” of the law (dhamma-patisambhida^). The knowledge of the cause is the ”analytical knowledge” of the law (dhamma-patisambhida^), the knowledge of the result of the cause is the ”analytical knowledge” of the true meaning (attha-patisambhida^)... That the monk knows the law, the sunas etc. this is called the ”analytical knowledge” of the law (dhamma-patisambhida^); if however, he understands the meaning of this or that speech... it is called the ”analytical knowledge” of the true meaning (attha-patisambhida^).”
(3) "”The knowledge of the language concerning those things” means: the language corresponding to reality, and the unfailing mode of expression concerning the true meaning and the law.
(4) "”Knowledge about the kinds of knowledges” is that knowledge which has all knowledges as object and considers them. Or, the analytical knowledge of ready wit (patibha^na-patisambhida^) means the knowledge of the above mentioned 3 kinds of knowledge, in all their details, with their objects, functions, etc." (Vis.M. XIV).
On the 7 qualities leading to the attainment of the 4 ”analytical knowledge” , s. A. VII, 37 - See Vis.M. XIV, 21ff; Vibh. XV; Pts.M. Patisambhida^ Katha^.
bala and bha^vana^ bala: ”power of reflection”, and ”power of mental development”. About these 2 powers it is said in A. II, 10:
"What, o monks, is the power of reflection? If, o monks, someone thinks thus: ”Bad conduct in deeds, words and thoughts verily bears bad fruits both in this life, as well as in the next life”, and in consequence of this consideration, he abandons bad conduct in deeds, words and thoughts, follows good conduct, and keeps his heart pure, this, o monks, is the power of reflection.
"What, o monks, is the power of mental development? If, o monks, a monk develops the factors of enlightenment (bojjhanga, q.v.), bent on solitude, on detachment, on extinction, and ending in deliverance, namely: mindfulness, investigating of the law, energy, rapture, tranquillity, concentration, and equanimity, this, o monks, is the power of mental development."
mudita^, is one of the 4 sublime abodes (brahmaviha^ra, q.v.).
”purification of mind”, is the 2nd of the 7 stages of purification (visuddhi, II,. q.v.).
sampha-ppala^pa; s. karma, kammapatha (I); cf. tiraccha^na-katha^.
s. a^yatana.
of existence, the. 3: ti-lakkhana (q.v.).
”purification of view” is the 3rd of the 7 stages of purification (visuddhi III, q.v.).
s. para^ma^sa.
natthika-ditthi; s. ditthi.
”support”, base, foundation, is one of the 24 conditions (s. paccaya, 8).
Overcoming (of defilements) by way of: s. paha^na.
These two terms, in combination with tanha^ and ditthi, belong probably, as such, to the commentarial literature, e.g. Vis.M. I.
”training in higher morality”: s. sikkha^.
(regarding the whole world): s. sabbaloke anabhirati-san~n~a^.
”overcoming by escape”, is one of the 5 kinds of overcoming (paha^na q.v.).
s. paha^na.
avigata-paccaya, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
”morality consisting in purity”, is fourfold: restraint with regard to the monks” Disciplinary Code, sense restraint, purity of livelihood, morality with regard to the monks” 4 requisites; for details, s. si^la.
”direct inducement”; s. paccaya.
s. patisandhi.
s. samsara^, vatta.
”decisive support” or ”inducement”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
s. samsa^ra, vatta.
”thorough attention” or wise consideration”: s. manasika^ra.
The ”analytical knowledge of meaning”, is one of the 4 kinds of analytical knowledge (patisambhida^, q.v.).
vica^ra; s. vitakka-vica^ra.
the 8 ”thoughts of a great man”, are described in A. VIII, 30, and D. 34.
eka-voka^ra-bhava (q.v.).
s. kasina.
the ”analytical knowledge of the law, is one of the 4 kinds of analytical knowledge (patisambhida^, q.v.).
”morality based on wrong views”; s. nissaya.
pan~ca-voka^ra-bhava (q.v.).
catu-voka^ra-bhava (q.v.).
”meritorious karma-formations” of the sensuous and fine-material sphere; s. sankha^ra I. 1.
”morality based on craving” (s. nissaya).
s. patisandhi.
see Nibba^na, upa^di.
s. sankha^ra.
s. patisandhi.
s: sa^sana.
the ”analytical knowledge of language”, is one of the 4 patisambhida^ (q.v.).
(-sama^dhi, -pan~n~a^): morality (concentration, wisdom) connected with progress”. For details, s. ha^nabha^giya-si^la.
”morality consisting in good behaviour”, ...
”morality consisting in good behaviour”,
relates to the external duties of a monk such as towards his superior, etc.
"abhisama^ca^rika si^la is a name for those moral rules other than the 8 ending with right livelihood (i.e. 4-fold right speech, 3-fold right action and right livelihood, as in the Eightfold Path) (Vis.M. I; s. sacca IV, 3-5).
"Impossible is it, o monks, that without having fulfilled the law of good behaviour, a monk could fulfil the law of genuine pure conduct" (A.V.21).
Cf. a^dibrahmacariyakasi^la.
s. si^la.
”purification of knowledge and vision”, is the last of the 7 purifications and a name for path-knowledge (maggan~a^na), i.e. the penetrating realization of the path of Stream-winning, Once-returning, Non-returning or Arahatship. Vis.M. XXII furnishes a detailed explanation of it (s. visuddhi, VII).
In A. IV, 41 n~a^nadassana apparently means the divine eye (dibbacakkhu, s. abhin~n~a^), being produced through concentrating the mind on light.
s. patigha (2a).
s. nibba^na, upa^di.
upadhi (q.v.).
”contemplation on abandonment”, is one of the 18 kinds of insight (vipassana^ q.v.). Further cf. the 16th exercise of anapana-sati (q.v.).
s. upadhi.
”morality consisting in the wise use of the monk”s requisities”; s. si^la (4).
the ”analytical knowledge of ready wit”: s. patisambhida^.
”morality consisting in purification of livelihood”, is one of the 4 kinds of perfect morality; s. si^la.
”purification by overcoming doubt”, is the 4th of the 7 stages of purification (visuddhi, q.v.).
the 4 ”elements of the effort for purity”, are: effort for purity of morality (si^la-parisuddhi-padha^niyanga), for purity of mind (citta), of view (ditthi), of deliverance (vimutti). Cf. A. IV, 194. - Another 9 factors are enumerated in D. 34, namely the 7 ”stages of purification (s. visuddhi) and the effort for purity of (higher) knowledge (vijja^-p.-p.) and of deliverance (vimutti-p.-p.).
tada^rammana-citta (s. vin~n~a^na-kicca).
(nissaya, upanissaya) are two of the 24 conditions (s. paccaya).
knowledge of the v. and r. of beings according to karma, is identical with the divine eye (s. abhin~n~a^ 5).
dha^tu-vavattha^na (q.v.).
s. gati.
s. anatta^. - Contemplation of: s. vipassana^ (3).
”knowledge consisting in reflective contemplation"; is one of the 9 knowledges constituting the ”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” (patipada^-n~a^nadassanavisuddhi; s. visuddhi VI), and one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (maha^vipassana^; s. vipassana^).
”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” forms the 6th stage of purification (visuddhi, q.v.).
”purification by knowledge of what is path and not-path”, is one of the 7 stages of purification (visuddhi V, q.v.).
s. paccaya.