Chan == 禅
Also called Zen; see Contemplation and Meditation.
anicca == 无常
Charity == 布施
Or almsgiving, the first Paramita. There are three kinds of charity in terms of goods, doctrines (Dharma) and courage (fearlessness). Out of the three, the merits and virtues of doctrines charity is the most surpassing. Charity done for no reward here and hereafter is called pure or unsullied, while the sullied charity is done for the purpose of personal benefits. In Buddhism, the merits and virtues of pure charity is the best.
Patience == 忍辱
endurance, the third Paramita. There are groups of two, three, four, five, six, ten and fourteen, indicating various forms of patience, equanimity, repression, forbearance, both in mundane and spiritual things. Patience refers to bearing insult and distress without resentment.
Condition == 缘
There is no existing phenomena that is not the effect of dependent origination. All phenomena arise dependent upon a number of casual factors called conditions.
Endurance == 忍辱
See Patience.
Ignorance == 无明
Sanskrit word is Avidya. Literally, it means darkness without illumination. Actually it refers to illusion without englightenment, i.e., the illusory phenomena for realities. Avidya is the first or the last of the Twelve Nidanas. Ignorance, karma and desire are the three forces that cause reincarnation.
Extinction == 灭度
It means having put the Two Obstacles, i.e. the obstacle of afflictions and the obstacle of what is known, to an end. It also means that the beings have transcended the Two Deaths, i.e. glare-sectioned birth and death and changed birth and death.
Six Places == 六根
Sanskrit word is Sadayatana. See Six Indriyas.
Recognition == 想
or Conception or Thinking. The Sanskirt word is Sanjna. It is the function of mind. It may lead to desire. One of the Five Skandhas.
Renunciation == 舍
One of the Four Unlimited Mind. As one of the chief Buddhist virtues, renunciation leads to a state of "undifferent without pleasure or pain". It is also an equality in mind with no distinction of self and others.
Right Action == 正行
the fourth of the Eightfold Path; respect for life (do not kill), property (do not steal) and personal relationship (no sexual misconduct) so as to purify one”s mind and body.
Right Speech == 正语
the third of Eightfold Path, abstaining from lying, slander/back biting, abuse/harsh words and idle talk.
Contemplation == 观想
Abstract contemplation. There are four levels through which the mind frees itself from all subjects and objective hindrances and reaches a state of absolute indifference and annihilation of thought, perception, and will. See also Meditation.
Five Offences == 五逆罪(杀父、杀母、杀阿罗汉、出佛身血、破和合僧)
The five rebellious acts or deadly sins:
(1) parricide
(2) matricide
(3) killing an arhat
(4) shedding the blood of a Buddha
(5) destroying the harmony of the sangha, or fraternity.
Five Precepts == 五戒(不杀、不盗、不邪淫、不妄语、不饮酒)
or Five Commandments for layman
(1) No killing
(2) No stealing
(3) No sexual misconduct/adultery
(4) No lying
(5) No intoxicant
It is essential for the rebirth in human realms.
Five Vehicles == 五乘(人、天、声闻、缘觉、菩萨)
The Five Vehicles conveying the karma-reward which differs according to the vehicle:
1.Human Vehicle - rebirth among human conveyed by observing the Five Commandments (Five Precepts)
2.Deva Vehicle - among the devas by the Ten Forms of Good Actions (Ten Wholesomeness)
3."Sound-Hearing" Arhat - among the sravakas by the Four Noble Truths
4."Enlightened by Conditions" Arhat - among the pratyeka-buddhas by the Twelve Nidanas
5.Bodhisattva - among the Bodhisattvas by the Six Paramita
Six Entrances == 六入
see Six Places and Six Indriyas.
Tien Tai Sect == 天台宗
One of the Ten Great Sect in Chinese Buddhism. It was initiated by Hui Man in the dynasty of Bei-Chai, and was promoted by Chi-Hai in Tsui Dynasty. Mainly based on Lotus Sutra, Tien Tai Sect explains all universal phenomena with Three Dogmas. For the practices, it emphasizes cutting off Three Delusions, thus establishes the method of Three Meditations of One Mind.
Twelve Places == 十二处
see the Twelve Bases.
Two Obstacles == 二障(烦恼障、所知障)
Two Obstacles refer to
1.the obstacle of afflictions
2.the obstacle of what is known
Ten Directions == 十方
the ten directions of space, i.e. the eight points of the compass and the nadir and zenith. There is a Buddha in each direction.
Taking Precepts == 持戒
see Morality.
Three Obstacles == 三障
1.the karmic obstacle
2.the affliction obstacle
3.the retribution obstacle
When the Three Obstacles are cleared and dissolved, the Three Virtues will be perfected.
Five Commandments == 五戒
see Five Precepts.
Right Remembrance == 正念
right memory, right mindfulness; the seventh of the Eightfold Path, avoiding distracted and clouded state of mind, awareness and self-possessed.
Six Consciousness == 六识
They are the perceptions and the discriminative ability of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind.
Six Psychic Power == 六神通(天眼通、天耳通、宿命通、他心通、神足通、漏尽通)
(1) the phychic power of the heavenly eye
(2) the psychic power of the heavenly ear
(3) phychic power with regard to post lives
(4) phychic power with regard to the minds
(5) the spiritually based psychic powers
(6) the psychic power of the extinction of outflows
One Buddha Vehicle == 一佛乘
Also known as Supreme Vehicle. In Buddhism, the Five Vehicles are established to facilitate us to understand the reality of Buddhahood. The teachings of One Buddha Vehicle is the ultimate, perfect and complete truth of Buddha, which is unconceivable and beyond words, as stated in the Lotus Sutra.
Right Concentration == 正定
right abstraction, the eighth of the Eightfold Path; meditation, focusing the mind without distraction, preparing the mind to attain wisdom.
Unconditioned dharma == 无为法
Also known as Asamskrta dharma, which is anything not subject to the principle of cause and effect, nor law of dependent origination, i.e. conditions. It is the dharma beyond the worldly ones.
Three Classifications == 三科
Buddha shows that a person is nothing more than a combination of various elements which come together under suitable conditions. They are
1.the Five Skandhas五蕴
2.the Twelve Bases十二处
3.the Eighteen Fields十八界
Five Forms of Decaying == 五衰
When the devas are dying, there are five symptoms:
1. the flowers around the crown
2. the clothes being dirty
3. having unpleasant smell in the body
4. sweating in armpit
5. Being unhappy in seat
Sixteen Contemplations == 十六观经
see Vipasyana Sukhavativyha Sutra.
Five Basic Afflications == 五根本烦恼
The five fundamental conditions of the passions and delusions:
1.wrong view, which are common to the Trailokya
2.clinging or attachment in the Desire Realm
3.clinging or attachment in the Form Realm
4.clinging or attachment in the Formless Realm
5.the state of unenlightenment or ignorance in Trailokya, which is the root-cause of all distressful delusion.
Six States of Existence == 六道
see Six Directions of Reincarnation.
Ten Vehicles of Meditation == 十乘观
Vehicles is the means to take living beings across from suffering to Nirvana. Though there are ten vehicles, there is only one teaching (Dharma), i.e., Inconceivable Virtues of the Self-mind, and the other nine are supplementary. According to Tien Tai Sect, the ten vehicles are:
1.Meditation of Inconceivable Virtue of the Self-mind * - * highest order for superior roots
2.Meditation of Real Bodhicitta
3.Meditation of Expedient Dwelling of Mind
4.Meditation of Breaking Universal Dharma
5.Meditation of Penetrating through Obstructed Consciousness
6.Meditation of Commissioning all Chapters of Paths
7.Meditation of Confronting Delusion and Advocating Enlightenment
8.Meditation of Understanding the Stages of Fruition
9.Meditation of Calmness and Endurance
10.Meditation of Non-attachment of Dharma
Eighteen Different Characters == 十八不共法
There are eighteen different characters of a Buddha as compared with all other beings in the Nine Realms.
1.His perfection of body (or person)
2.His perfection of mouth (or speech)
3.His perfection of memory
4.His perfection of impartiality to all
5.Serenity
6.Self-sacrifice
7.Unceasing desire to save
8.Unflagging zeal therein to save
9.Unfailing thought thereto to save
10.Unceasing wisdom to save
11.Powers of deliverance
12.The principle of the powers of deliverance
13.Revealing perfect wisdom in deed
14.Revealing perfect wisdom in word
15.Revealing perfect wisdom in thought
16.Perfect knowledge of the past
17.Perfect knowledge of the future
18.Perfect knowledge of the present
Six Directions of Reincarnation == 六道轮回
(1) Naraka, i.e. Hell(地狱)
(2) Presta, i.e. Hungry Ghost(饿鬼)
(3) Tiryagyoni, i.e. Animal(畜牲)
(4) Asura, i.e. Malevolent nature spirits(阿修罗)
(5) Manusya, i.e. Human Existence(人)
(6) Deva, i.e. Heavenly Existence(天,梵天)
Three Universal Characteristics == 三法印(诸行无常,诸法无我,寂静涅槃)
The Three Universal Characteristics are connected with the existence. They are:
1.All phenomena are impermanent.
2.All Dharma are not-self.
3.All sensations are suffering.
Four Aspects (of Buddhist Dharma) == 四法
(1) the teaching
(2) the principle
(3) the practice
(4) the fruit/reward/result
Nirvana of pure, clear self-nature == 自性涅槃
It is commonly possessed by all individual sentient beings. It is not subject to birth and death, nor increase and decrease.
Five Categories of Untranslated Terms == 五不翻
Chinese T"ang Dynasty Master of the Tripitaka Hsuan-Tsang established five categories of words which should be left untranslated
1.the esoteric
2.words having multiple meanings
3.words for things not existing in China
4.words not translated in accord with already established precedent
5.words left untranslated in order to give rise to wholesomeness and respect
Ten Great Disciples of Skakyamuni Buddha == 十大弟子
They are:
1.Mahakasyapa摩诃伽叶
first in ascetism.
2.Ananda阿难陀
first in having heard the words of Buddha.
3.Sariputra舍利弗
first in wisdom.
4.Subhuti须菩提
first in expressing emptiness.
5.Purna富楼那
first in explaining good law.
6.Maudgalyayana目犍连
first in supernatural power.
7.Katyayana迦旃延
first in preaching.
8.Aniruddha阿那律
first in the sharpness of his divine eyes.
9.Upali优波离
first in taking precepts.
10.Rahula罗睺罗
first in esoteric practices and in desire for instruction in the law.
Four Reliance (to learning Buddhist Dharma) == 四依
The four standards of Right Dharma which buddhist should rely on or abide by:
1.to abide by the Dharma, not the person
2.to abide by the sutras of ultimate truth, not the sutras of incomplete truth
3.to abide by the meaning, not the word
4.to abide by the wisdom, not the consciousness
Sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception == 非想非非想天
the highest heaven of the four "sphere of no-thing".