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atta catu gati hate meat path sati agati amata ARHAT atta^ death great satta vatta water ANATTA Arahat atappa eating JATAKA MATTER matter sugati vatthu virati anatta^ created duggati matured patched patigha samatha sassata vipatti vivatta a^yatana anussati atima^na dogmatic fatalism KSATRIYA nibbatti PATIENCE patience sammatta sankhata tathata^ ujukata^ uposatha 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) asankhata attention avya^kata breathing deviation dukkhata^ formation immediate mahaggata micchatta pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha SENSATION SIX PATHS ti ratana aberration aggregates BODHISATTA Bodhisatta foundation generation intimation liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation paramattha patisandhi pattida^na sama^patti si^labbata sota^patti ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA foundations infatuation inoperative kamma patha kamma vatta mana^yatana MIDDLE PATH middle path origination patipannaka patti da^na penetration preparatory realization rúpa^yatana sala^yatana si^vathika^ temperature vavattha^na 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation dispensation dissociation hate natured heat element inclinations intoxicating kammattha^na pakati si^la patisandhika purification RENUNCIATION vatthu ka^ma 三界(tridhatu) Abbreviations anatta^ va^da attentiveness atthi paccaya concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation deathlessness determination dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta hadaya vatthu investigating investigation kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness material food nimma^na rati pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na satipattha^na tittha^yatana vivatta kappa water element abhibha^yatana asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path greedy natured katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu stupid natured transformation ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava vigata paccaya 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana deluded natured EIGHT NEGATIONS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta natthika ditthi pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA samatha ya^nika sappatigha rúpa SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga tatha^gata bala tranquilisation upasama^nussati 百论(Sata-sastra) 法界(dharmadhatu) 极乐世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA dukkha patipada^ faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations life infatuation mental formation natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS vaci^ vin~n~atti 四谛(catur-satyas) 吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ cittass’ekaggata^ immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha na^natta san~n~a^ pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava tatramajjhattata^ youth infatuation ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava dha^tu vavattha^na health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ self mortification tatra majjhattata^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH 四大(caturmahabhuta) anabhirati san~n~a^ attha patisambhida^ death consciousness FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS intelligent natured majjhima^ patipada^ RIGHT CONCENTRATION sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA sun~n~ata^ vimokkha TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 六足论(Satpada sastra) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA niyata miccha^ditthi pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ ti hetu patisandhika vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana bhojane mattan~n~uta^ death proximate karma dependent origination dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na pun~n~a kiriya vatthu THREE CLASSIFICATIONS ubhato bha^ga vimutta vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) attainment concentration patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga paranimmita vasavatti deva TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯识论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 达斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 三十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 唯识二十论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯识三十颂(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【235】ka^ya gata^ sati

”mindfulness  with  regard  to  the  body”,  refers  sometimes  (e.g.  Vis.M.  VIII,  2)  only  to  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body,  sometimes  (e.g.  M.  119)  to  all  the  various  meditations  comprised  under  the  ”contemplation  of  the  body”  (ka^ya^nupassana^),  the  1st  of  the  4  ”foundations  of  mindfulness”  (satipattha^na,  q.v.),  consisting  partly  in  concentration  (sama^dhi)  exercises,  partly  in  insight  (vipassana^)  exercises.  On  the  other  hand,  the  cemetery  meditations  (si^vathika,  q.v.)  mentioned  in  the  Satipattha^na  S.(M.  10)  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  10  contemplations  of  loathsomeness  (asubha-bha^vana^,  q.v.).  of  Vis.M.  VI,  whereas  elsewhere  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body  is  called  the  ”reflection  on  impurity”  (patikkúla-san~n~a^).
In  such  texts  as:  ”One  thing,  o  monks,  developed  and  repeatedly  practised,  leads  to  the  attainment  of  wisdom.  It  is  the  contemplation  on  the  body”  (A.I),  the  reference  is  to  all  exercises  mentioned  in  the  1st  Satipattha^na.
Vis.M.  VIII,  2  gives  a  detailed  description  and  explanation  of  the  method  of  developing  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body.  This  exercise  can  produce  the  1st  absorption  only  (jha^na,  q.v.)  The  stereotype  text  given  in  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  and  elsewhere  -  but  leaving  out  the  brain  -  runs  as  follows:
"And  further,  o  monks,  the  monk  contemplates  this  body  from  the  soles  of  the  feet  upward,  and  from  the  tops  of  the  hairs  downward,  with  skin  stretched  over  it,  and  filled  with  manifold  impurities:  ”This  body  has  hairs  of  the  head,  hairs  of  the  body,  nails,  teeth,  skin,  flesh,  sinews,  bones,  marrow,  kidneys,  heart,  liver,  diaphragm,  spleen,  lungs,  intestines,  bowels,  stomach,  excrement,  bile,  phlegm,  pus,  blood,  sweat,  fat,  tears,  skin  grease,  spittle,  nasal  mucus,  oil  of  the  joints,  and  urine  ...."
Vis.M.  VIII,  2  says  "By  repeating  the  words  of  this  exercise  one  will  become  well  acquainted  with  the  wording,  the  mind  will  not  rush  here  and  there,  the  different  parts  will  become  distinct  and  appear  like  a  row  of  fingers,  or  a  row  of  hedge-poles.  Now,  just  as  one  repeats  the  exercise  in  words,  one  should  do  it  also  in  mind.  The  repeating  in  mind  forms  the  condition  for  the  penetration  of  the  characteristic  marks....  He  who  thus  has  examined  the  parts  of  the  body  as  to  colour,  shape,  region,  locality  and  limits,  and  considers  them  one  by  one,  and  not  too  hurriedly,  as  something  loathsome,  to  such  a  one,  while  contemplating  the  body,  all  these  things  at  the  same  time  are  appearing  distinctly  clear.  But  also  when  keeping  one”s  attention  fixed  outwardly  (i.e.  to  the  bodies  of  other  beings),  and  when  all  the  parts  appear  distinctly,  then  all  men  and  animals  moving  about  lose  the  appearance  of  living  beings  and  appear  like  heaps  of  many  different  things.  And  it  looks  as  if  those  foods  and  drinks,  being  swallowed  by  them,  were  being  inserted  into  this  heap  of  things.  Now,  while  again  and  again  one  is  conceiving  the  idea  ”Disgusting!  Disgusting!”  -  omitting  in  due  course  several  parts  -  gradually  the  attainment  -  concentration  (appana^-sama^dhi,  i.e.  the  concentration  of  the  jha^na)  will  be  reached.  In  this  connection,  the  appearing  of  forms  ...  is  called  the  acquired  image  (uggaha-nimitta),  the  arising  of  loathsomeness,  however,  the  counter-image  (patibha^ganimitta)."

南传佛教英文辞典 【236】ka^ya vin~n~atti

  s.  vin~n~atti.

南传佛教英文辞典 【237】karma formations

  sankha^ra,  i.e.  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volitions  (cetana^)  manifested  as  actions  of  body,  speech  or  mind,  form  the  2nd  link  of  the  formula  of  dependent  origination  (paticca-samuppa^da,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【238】life infatuation

  s.  mada.

南传佛教英文辞典 【239】mental formation

  sankha^ra  (q.v.).  s.  Tab.  II.

南传佛教英文辞典 【240】natural morality

  pakati-si^la  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【241】nava satta^va^sa

  s.  satta^va^sa.

南传佛教英文辞典 【242】neyyattha dhamma

  A  ”teaching  the  meaning  of  which  is  implicit,  or  has  to  be  inferred”  as  contrasted  with  a  ”teaching  with  an  explicit  or  evident  meaning”  (ni^tattha-dhamma).  In  A.  I,  60  (PTS)  it  is  said:  "Whoso  declares  a  sutta  with  an  implicit  meaning  as  a  sutta  with  explicit  meaning  (and  conversely),  such  a  one  makes  a  false  statement  with  regard  to  the  Blessed  One."  -  See  paramattha.

南传佛教英文辞典 【243】ni^tattha dhamma

  A  ”doctrine  with  evident  meaning”,  contrasted  with  a  ”doctrine  with  a  meaning  to  be  inferred”  (neyyattha-dhamma,  q.v.).  See  also  paramattha.

英汉对照词典 【244】THREE EVIL PATHS

Three  Evil  Paths  ==  三恶道

They  are  the  three  lowest  realms  of  the  Nine  Realms:  hell,  hungry  ghost  and  animal.(地狱,饿鬼,畜牲)

英汉对照词典 【245】THREE GOOD PATHS

Three  Good  Paths  ==  三善道

They  are  Man,  Asura  and  Deva  Paths.(人,阿修罗,天道)

南传佛教英文辞典 【246】vaci^ vin~n~atti

  s.  vin~n~atti.

中国百科全书 【247】四谛(catur-satyas)

  sidi

  1、苦谛。苦是受逼迫苦恼之意,主要指三界生死轮回的苦恼。有三苦、八苦的不同。三苦,一为苦苦,指正在受痛苦时的苦恼;二为坏苦,是享受快乐结束时的苦恼;三为行苦,谓不苦不乐时,为无常变化的自然规律所支配的苦恼,包括生、老、病、死在内。八苦即生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、求不得苦、怨憎会苦、爱别离苦、五阴盛苦。佛教认为,三苦、八苦有的是社会原因造成的,有的是自然原因造成的。

  2、集谛。亦名习谛。集是积聚感招之意。说一切众生,常时以来,由于贪瞋愚痴的行动,造成的善恶行为的业因,能感招将来的生死苦果。

  3、灭谛。亦名尽谛,为息灭、灭尽之意,灭尽三界内之烦恼业因以及生死果报,称为灭,也称了脱生死,从此不再受三界内的生死苦恼,达到涅槃寂灭境界,即为解脱。

  4、道谛。道为通达之意,也是道路的意思。这种道路是达到寂灭解脱的方法和手段;原始佛教认为道谛是指八正道。以后大、小乘又各有发展。佛教认为依道谛去修行,就能达到寂灭解脱的灭谛。由此途径确实可以达到解脱生死的目的。

中国百科全书 【248】吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat)

  柬博寨宗教艺术遗迹的总称。共400余处,尤以大吴哥王城、吴哥寺、巴壤寺和班迭斯雷寺最为著名。始建于真腊帝国全盛时期的9世纪末叶。这个帝国兴于6世纪,经历了600年的繁华。初奠都洞里萨湖畔,9世纪末迁都吴哥。吴哥古迹便是这时期的艺术创造。

  大吴哥王城亦称“吴哥通”,是当时的都城。位于今暹粒省东部。王城呈正方形,周长达12公里。石砌城墙高7米,宽亦7米。墙外有濠沟和护城河。城门之上建石塔,塔饰大佛。门外左右排列天神两列,各高2米,共54尊。城内有寺塔、皇宫等一系列建筑群。巴壤寺即为其中之一。

  巴壤寺是建在城中心的佛寺。寺门东向。始建于12世纪末。三层方形台基上,各层有加廓,廓内饰浅浮雕和小石塔。第三层台基上所立中心大塔,高45米。周围绕以16座中型塔和几十座小塔,构成完整的塔群。大塔上部雕有“湿婆四面神像”,居高临下,环顾四野,具有神秘玄思的意味,也反映出佛教与印度都的融合。

  吴哥寺,又称“小吴哥”。位于大吴哥王城南郊。始建于国王苏里亚跋摩二世时。平面设计犹如大小四个“口”字相迭套,形成里外三层。第一层台基东西长215米,南北宽180米。有六处入口通向第二层台基,这层台基长115米,宽100米,比第一层高出7米。第三层台基为正方形,边长75米。圆心为大塔,离地面65米。四隅各有相同形制的一座小塔。第二层台基四隅亦然。所以吴哥寺共有九塔,今惟存第三层之五塔。整体设计体现了佛教须弥山世界的思想,成为宇宙中心之象征。

  班迭斯雷寺里外绕以三道围墙,主体建筑为三座并列的石塔。三塔南北向吴一字形,建于同一座台基上,相间1米。石塔拱门之上的楣石饰有精致的浅浮雕。

  吴哥古迹的雕刻艺术成就极高。吴哥寺各层回廓内侧皆饰浅浮雕,覆盖面长达800多米,内容多关于佛教、印度教两大史诗《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》的描绘,也穿插许多世俗生活场景。画面层次分明,装饰效果极强。其圆雕作品以“吴哥式微笑”的风格著称。

  13世纪末,真腊帝国又迁新都。吴哥王城的繁华逐渐被埋在热带丛林之中。直到19世纪叶叶才能发现。(罗照辉)

南传佛教英文辞典 【249】a^nupubbi^ katha^

”gradual  instruction”,  progressive  sermon;  given  by  the  Buddha  when  it  was  necessary  to  prepare  first  the  listener”s  mind  before  speaking  to  him  on  the  advanced  teaching  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths.  The  stock  passage  (e.g.  D.  3;  D  14;  M.  56)  runs  as  follows:
"Then  the  Blessed  One  gave  him  a  gradual  instruction  -  that  is  to  say,  he  spoke  on  liberality  (”giving”,  da^na,  q.v.),  on  moral  conduct  (si^la)  and  on  the  heaven  (sagga);  he  explained  the  peril,  the  vanity  and  the  depravity  of  sensual  pleasures,  and  the  advantage
of  renunciation.  When  the  Blessed  One  perceived  that  the  listener”s  mind  was  prepared,  pliant,  free  from  obstacles,  elevated  and  lucid;  then  he  explained  to  him  that  exalted  teaching  particular  to  the  Buddhas  (buddha^nam  sa^mukkamsika^  desana^),  that  is:  suffering,  its  cause,  its  ceasing,  and  the  path."

南传佛教英文辞典 【250】anatta^nupassana^

  ”contemplation  of  not-self”  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (s.  vipassana^).  See  also  above.

南传佛教英文辞典 【251】cittass’ekaggata^

  ”one-pointedness  of  mind”,  is  a  synonym  of  concentration,  or  sama^dhi  (q.v.)

南传佛教英文辞典 【252】immaterial sphere

  arúpa^vacara:  cf.  avacara,  jha^na  (5-8);  Tab.  I.

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