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atta catu gati hate meat path sati agati amata ARHAT atta^ death great satta vatta water ANATTA Arahat atappa eating JATAKA MATTER matter sugati vatthu virati anatta^ created duggati matured patched patigha samatha sassata vipatti vivatta a^yatana anussati atima^na dogmatic fatalism KSATRIYA nibbatti PATIENCE patience sammatta sankhata tathata^ ujukata^ uposatha 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) asankhata attention avya^kata breathing deviation dukkhata^ formation immediate mahaggata micchatta pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha SENSATION SIX PATHS ti ratana aberration aggregates BODHISATTA Bodhisatta foundation generation intimation liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation paramattha patisandhi pattida^na sama^patti si^labbata sota^patti ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA foundations infatuation inoperative kamma patha kamma vatta mana^yatana MIDDLE PATH middle path origination patipannaka patti da^na penetration preparatory realization rúpa^yatana sala^yatana si^vathika^ temperature vavattha^na 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation dispensation dissociation hate natured heat element inclinations intoxicating kammattha^na pakati si^la patisandhika purification RENUNCIATION vatthu ka^ma 三界(tridhatu) Abbreviations anatta^ va^da attentiveness atthi paccaya concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation deathlessness determination dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta hadaya vatthu investigating investigation kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness material food nimma^na rati pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na satipattha^na tittha^yatana vivatta kappa water element abhibha^yatana asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path greedy natured katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu stupid natured transformation ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava vigata paccaya 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana deluded natured EIGHT NEGATIONS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta natthika ditthi pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA samatha ya^nika sappatigha rúpa SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga tatha^gata bala tranquilisation upasama^nussati 百论(Sata-sastra) 法界(dharmadhatu) 极乐世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA dukkha patipada^ faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations life infatuation mental formation natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS vaci^ vin~n~atti 四谛(catur-satyas) 吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ cittass’ekaggata^ immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha na^natta san~n~a^ pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava tatramajjhattata^ youth infatuation ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava dha^tu vavattha^na health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ self mortification tatra majjhattata^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH 四大(caturmahabhuta) anabhirati san~n~a^ attha patisambhida^ death consciousness FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS intelligent natured majjhima^ patipada^ RIGHT CONCENTRATION sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA sun~n~ata^ vimokkha TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 六足论(Satpada sastra) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA niyata miccha^ditthi pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ ti hetu patisandhika vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana bhojane mattan~n~uta^ death proximate karma dependent origination dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na pun~n~a kiriya vatthu THREE CLASSIFICATIONS ubhato bha^ga vimutta vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) attainment concentration patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga paranimmita vasavatti deva TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯识论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 达斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 三十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 唯识二十论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯识三十颂(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【271】karma accumulation

  a^yúhana  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【272】maturity knowledge

  gotrabhú-n~a^na;  s.  visuddhi  (VII).

南传佛教英文辞典 【273】nirodha sama^patti

”attainment  of  extinction”  (S.  XIV,  11),  also  called  san~n~a^-vedayita-nirodha,  ”extinction  of  feeling  and  perception”,  is  the  temporary  suspension  of  all  consciousness  and  mental  activity,  following  immediately  upon  the  semi-conscious  state  called  ”sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception”  (s.  jha^na,  8).  The  absolutely  necessary  pre-conditions  to  its  attainment  are  said  to  be  perfect  mastery  of  all  the  8  absorptions  (jha^na),  as  well  as  the  previous  attainment  of  Ana^ga^mi  or  Arahatship  (s.  ariya-puggala).
According  to  Vis.M.  XXIII,  the  entering  into  this  state  takes  place  in  the  following  way:  by  means  of  mental  tranquillity  (samatha)  and  insight  (vipassana^)  one  has  to  pass  through  all  the  8  absorptions  one  after  the  other  up  to  the  sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception  and  then  one  has  to  bring  this  state  to  an  end.  If,  namely,  according  to  the  Vis.M.,  the  disciple  (Ana^ga^mi  or  Arahat)  passes  through  the  absorption  merely  by  means  of  tranquillity,  i.e.  concentration,  he  will  only  attain  the  sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception,  and  then  come  to  a  standstill;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  he  proceeds  only  with  insight,  he  will  reach  the  fruition  (phala)  of  Ana^ga^mi  or  Arahatship.  He,  however,  who  by  means  of  both  faculties  has  risen  from  absorption  to  absorption  and,  having  made  the  necessary  preparations,  brings  the  sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception  to  an  end,  such  a  one  reaches  the  state  of  extinction.  Whilst  the  disciple  is  passing  through  the  8  absorptions,  he  each  time  emerges  from  the  absorption  attained,  and  regards  with  his  insight  all  the  mental  phenomena  constituting  that  special  absorption,  as  impermanent,  miserable  and  impersonal.  Then  he  again  enters  the  next  higher  absorption,  and  thus,  after  each  absorption  practising  insight,  he  at  last  reaches  the  state  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception,  and  thereafter  the  full  extinction.  This  state,  according  to  the  Com.,  may  last  for  7  days  or  even  longer.  Immediately  at  the  rising  from  this  state,  however,  there  arises  in  the  Ana^ga^mi  the  fruition  of  Ana^ga^miship  (ana^ga^mi-phala),  in  the  Arahat  the  fruition  of  Arahatship  (arahatta-phala).
With  regard  to  the  difference  existing  between  the  monk  abiding  in  this  state  of  extinction  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  dead  person  on  the  other  hand,  M  43  says:  "In  him  who  is  dead,  and  whose  life  has  come  to  an  end,  the  bodily  (in-and-outbreathing),  verbal  (thought-conception  and  discursive  thinking),  and  mental  functions  (s.  sankha^ra,  2)  have  become  suspended  and  come  to  a  standstill,  life  is  exhausted,  the  vital  heat  extinguished,  the  faculties  are  destroyed.  Also  in  the  monk  who  has  reached  ”extinction  of  perception  and  feeling”  (san~n~a^-vedayita-nirodha),  the  bodily,  verbal  and  mental  functions  have  been  suspended  and  come  to  a  standstill,  but  life  is  not  exhausted,  the  vital  heat  not  extinguished,  and  the  faculties  are  not  destroyed."
For  details,  see  Vis.M.  XXIII;  for  texts  s.  Path  206.

南传佛教英文辞典 【274】patibha^ga nimitta

  s.  nimitta,  kasina,  sama^dhi.

南传佛教英文辞典 【275】patikkúla san~n~a^

  s.  ka^yagata^-sati.

南传佛教英文辞典 【276】regenerative karma

  janaka-kamma  (s.  karma).

南传佛教英文辞典 【277】ruminating natured

  vitakka-carita  (s.  carita).

南传佛教英文辞典 【278】samatha vipassana^

”tranquillity  and  insight”,  are  identical  with  concentration  (sama^dhi,  q.v.;  s.  prec.)  and  wisdom  (pan~n~a^,  q.v.),  and  form  the  two  branches  of  mental  development  (bha^vana^,  q.v.).
(1)  ”Tranquillity”  is  all  unperturbed,  peaceful  and  lucid  state  of  mind  attained  by  strong  mental  concentration.  Though  as  a  distinct  way  of  practice  (s.  samatha-ya^nika),  it  aims  at  the  attainment  of  the  meditative  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.),  a  high  degree  of  tranquil  concentration  (though  not  necessarily  that  of  the  absorptions)  is  indispensable  for  insight  too.  Tranquillity  frees  the  mind  from  impurities  and  inner  obstacles,  and  gives  it  greater  penetrative  strength.
””What  now  is  the  power  of  tranquillity  (samatha-bala)?  It  is  the  one-pointedness  and  non-distraction  of  the  mind  due  to  freedom  from  desire  (renunciation)  ...  to  freedom  from  ill-will  ...  to  the  perception  of  light  (s.  aloka-san~n~a^)  ...  to  non-distraction  ...  to  the  defilling  of  phenomena  ...  to  knowledge,  gladness,  the  8  attainments,  the  10  kasinas,  the  10  recollections,  the  9  cemetery  contemplations,  the  32  kinds  of  respiration-mindfulness  ...  the  one-pointedness  and  non-distraction  of  the  mind  of  one  contemplating  abandonment  (relinquishment)  while  inhaling  and  exhaling  (s.  a^na^pa^nasati).
"The  power  of  tranquillity  consists  of  the  freedom  from  perturbation;  in  the  1st  absorption,  from  the  5  hindrances  (ni^varana,  (q.v.);  in  the  2nd  absorption,  from  thought-conception  and  discursive  thinking;...  in  the  sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception  it  consists  of  the  freedom  from  perturbation  by  the  perception  of  the  sphere  of  nothingness  (s.  anupubbanirodha),  which  is  no  longer  agitated  and  irritated  by  defilements  associated  with  restlessness,  nor  by  the  groups  of  existence"  (Pts.M.  1.  p.  97)
(2)  ”Insight”  (s.  vipassana^)  is  the  penetrative  understanding  by  direct  meditative  experience  of  the  impermanency,  unsatisfactoriness  and  impersonality  of  all  material  and  mental  phenomena  of  existence.  It  is  insight  that  leads  to  entrance  into  the  supermundance  states  of  holiness  and  to  final  liberation.
””What  now  is  the  power  of  insight?  It  is  the  contemplation  of  impermanency  (anicca^nupassana^),  of  misery  (dukkhanupassana^),  impersonality”  (anatta^nupassana^),  of  aversion  (nibbidanupassana^),  detachment  (vira^ganupassana^),  extinction  (nirodha),  ahandonment  (patinissagga),  with  regard  to  corporcality,  feeling,  perception,  mental  formations  and  consciousness....  That  in  contemplating  the  impermanency  one  is  no  more  agitated  by  the  idea  of  grasping  ...  no  more  by  ignorance  and  the  defilements  associated  therewith  and  no  more  by  the  groups  of  existence:  this  is  called  the  power  of  insight"  (Pts.M.  p.  97).
"Two  things  are  conducive  to  knowledge:  tranquillity  and  insight.  If  tranquillity  is  developed,  what  profit  does  it  bring?  The  mind  is  developed.  If  the  mind  is  developed,  what  profit  does  it  bring?  All  lust  is  abandoned.
"If  insight  is  developed,  what  profit  does  it  bring?  Wisdom  is  developed.  If  wisdom  is  developed,  what  profit  does  it  bring?  All  ignorance  is  abandoned"  (A.  II,  2.7).
There  is  a  method  of  meditative  practice  where,  in  alternating  sequence,  tranquillity-meditation  and  insight-meditation  are  developed.  It  is  called  ”tranquillity  and  insight  joined  in  pairs”  (samatha-vipassana^yuganaddha),  the  coupling  or  yoking  of  tranquillity  and  insight.  He  who  undertakes  it,  first  enters  into  the  1st  absorption.  After  rising  from  it,  he  contemplates  the  mental  phenomena  that  were  present  in  it  (feeling,  perception,  etc.)  as  impermanent,  painful  and  not-self,  and  thus  he  develops  insight.  Thereupon  he  enters  into  the  2nd  absorption;  and  after  rising  from  it,  he  again  considers  its  constituent  phenomena  as  impermanent,  etc.  In  this  way,  he  passes  from  one  absorption  to  the  next,  until  at  last,  during  a  moment  of  insight,  the  intuitive  knowledge  of  the  path  (of  Stream-entry,  etc.)  flashes  forth  -  See  A.  IV,  170;  A.IX,  36;  Pts:  Yuganaddha  Katha^.

南传佛教英文辞典 【279】self mortification

  atta-kilamatha  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【280】tatra majjhattata^

”equanimity,  equipoise,  mental  balance”  (lit.,  ”remaining  here  and  there  in  the  middle”),  is  the  name  for  a  high  ethical  quality  belonging  to  the  sankha^ra-kkhandha  (s.  khandha)  and  is  mostly  known  by  the  name  upekkha^.  In  its  widest  sense  it  is  associated  with  all  pure  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  II)."Tatra-majjhattata^  is  called  the  ”keeping  in  the  middle  of  all  things”.  It  has  as  charactcristic  that  it  effects  the  balance  of  consciousness  and  mental  factors;  as  nature  (function;  rasa),  that  it  prevents  excessiveness  and  deficiency,  or  that  it  puts  an  end  to  partiality;  as  manifestation,  that  it  keeps  the  proper  middle"  (Vis.M.  XIV).  (App.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【281】tiraccha^na katha^

”low  talk”,  lit.”beastly  talk”,  is  the  name  in  the  sutta-texts  for  the  following:  "Talk  about  kings  and  robbers,  ministers  and  armies,  danger  and  war,  eating  and  drinking,  clothes  and  dwellings,  garlands  and  scents,  relations,  chariots,  villages  and  markets,  towns  and  districts,  women  and  heroes,  street  talks,  talks  by  the  well,  talk  about  those  departed  in  days  gone  by,  tittle-tattle,  talks  about  world  and  sea,  about  gain  and  loss"  (A.X,  69  etc.).
In  the  commentaries  4  further  kinds  are  enumerated,  thus  bringing  the  number  to  32,  as  mostly  counted,  namely:  talk  about  sensuous  enjoyment,  self-mortification,  eternity  and  self-annihilation.

英汉对照词典 【282】TWO FORMS OF DEATH

Two  Forms  of  Death  ==  二死

1.Natural  death  of  the  life  
2.Death  form  external  cause  and  conditions

中国百科全书 【283】四大(caturmahabhuta)

  sida

  佛教术语。指地、水、火、风为四种构成物质的基本元素。又名四界。界,是种类的意思,谓地、水、火、风四种物体均能保持各自的形态,不相紊乱。亦名四大种。种,有能生的作用,如种子。佛教认为一切物质都是四大所生。又把物质世界称为色法。色,分能造色和所造色两类,四大种为能造色,其余一切物体为所造色。

  四大之“大”,有两种含义:1、相大,如大山大地,大江大海,大山劫火,黑团风、龙卷风等;2、用大,一切物体皆为四大组成(所造)。说一切有部认为,四大各有不同的性能和业用,地大以坚为性,有一定硬度,其业用能受持万物;水大以湿为性,有一定的湿度,其业用能使物摄聚不散;火大以热为性,有一定的温度,其业用能使物成熟;风大以动为性,有一家的动力,其业用能使物成长。四大发内外两类,动物体内的四大称内四大,动物体外的四大称外四大。四大又有实假之分。从四大的坚湿暖动诸性而言,唯身根能感触,属触处所摄色,为实四大;眼根所见的四大,是形色(地水火风的长、短、方、圆、高、下、正、不正等形状)和颜色(地水火风的青、黄、赤、白、黑等颜色),属假四大。佛教认为人身亦由四大构成,以此说明人身无常、不实、受苦。《金光明最胜王经》卷五称:“地水火风共成身,随彼因缘招异果,同在一处相违害,如四毒蛇居一箧。”

  四大原是古印度用以分析和认识物质世界的传统说法,佛教加以改造。但古印度佛教以外的各学派,对四大的解释各有不同。顺世派对于物质世界不论能造所造,都说是四大,并认为是常住不变的。胜论派认为四大属于实句义(实体范畴),是常与无常。数论派认为,地水火风既是所造也是能造,说四大是色、声、香、味、触五尘(五唯,即五种细微元素)所造。佛教各派对四大也有不同的见解。大众部认为,四大为能造,色香味触四尘为所造。成实学派认为,四尘能造四大,四大能造五根,主张四大通能造所造。经量部认为能造所造皆通实假,主张微尘是实,粗色属假。一说部认为,能造所造唯有假名,都无实体。瑜伽行派认为,有漏大种所造色属依他起性,无漏大种所造色通圆成实和依他起;大种唯属实,造色通实假。(刘明渊)

南传佛教英文辞典 【284】anabhirati san~n~a^

  s.  sabba-loke  anabhirati-s.

南传佛教英文辞典 【285】attha patisambhida^

  The  ”analytical  knowledge  of  meaning”,  is  one  of  the  4  kinds  of  analytical  knowledge  (patisambhida^,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【286】death consciousness

  cuti-citta,  is  one  of  the  14  functions  of  consciousness  (vin~n~a^na-kicca,  q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【287】FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS

Four  Great  Elements  ==  四大

All  matters  are  formed  and  are  composed  by  four  conditioned  causes  :
(1)  earth,  which  is  characterized  by  solidity  and  durability
(2)  water,  which  is  characterized  by  liquid/fluid  and  moisture
(3)  fire,  which  is  characterized  by  energy  and  warmth
(4)  wind,  which  is  characterized  by  gas/air  movement

南传佛教英文辞典 【288】intelligent natured

  s.  carita.

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