s. pun~n~a, pun~n~a-kiriya-vatthu.
One Buddha Vehicle == 一佛乘
Also known as Supreme Vehicle. In Buddhism, the Five Vehicles are established to facilitate us to understand the reality of Buddhahood. The teachings of One Buddha Vehicle is the ultimate, perfect and complete truth of Buddha, which is unconceivable and beyond words, as stated in the Lotus Sutra.
s. patigha (2a).
”condition of association”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
”overcoming by destruction”, is the absolute extinction of certain fetters of existence (samyojana, q.v.), which takes place by entering into one of the 4 supermundane paths of holiness (s. ariya-puggala). - Regarding the 5 kinds of overcoming, s. paha^na.
atta-kilamatha (q.v.).
”indulging in gladness”; s. mano-pavica^ra.
”registering consciousness” (s. Tab. I, 40-49, 56), is the last stage in the complete process of cognition (citta-vi^thi) immediately before sinking into the subconscious. It does not occur with the consciousness of the absorptions nor with supermundane consciousness, but only with large or distinct objects of the sensuous sphere. Cf. vin~n~a^na-kicca.
s. citta-vi^thi.
”low talk”, lit.”beastly talk”, is the name in the sutta-texts for the following: "Talk about kings and robbers, ministers and armies, danger and war, eating and drinking, clothes and dwellings, garlands and scents, relations, chariots, villages and markets, towns and districts, women and heroes, street talks, talks by the well, talk about those departed in days gone by, tittle-tattle, talks about world and sea, about gain and loss" (A.X, 69 etc.).
In the commentaries 4 further kinds are enumerated, thus bringing the number to 32, as mostly counted, namely: talk about sensuous enjoyment, self-mortification, eternity and self-annihilation.
asan~n~a^-satta (q.v.).
”decisive support” or ”inducement”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
”dissociation”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
s. samsa^ra, vatta.
”one devoted to mental training,” is in Vis.M. the usual name for the disciple cultivating mental concentration (App.).
Fosuoxingzan
佛教典籍。又名《佛本行经》、《佛所行赞经传》、《佛所行赞经》、《佛本行赞经》、《佛所行赞传》。古印度马鸣著,北凉昙无谶译。5卷。叙述释迦牟尼一生事迹,把宗教故事、宗教理义用诗歌形式巧妙地表达出来,在印度文学史上也占有重要地位。汉译异本有南朝宋宝云的译本,7卷;另有藏译本,内容与汉译大致相同。此外还有梵文残本传世。1893年初次刊行。现已有现代汉语译本。
这部诗歌体的典籍在古代流传颇广,影响很大。7世纪时,巡游印度的中国高僧义净说此经“五天南海,无不讽诵”,意即全印度与东南亚沿海及岛屿皆甚流行。了还认为“意明字少而摄义能多,复令读者心悦忘倦,又复纂持圣教能生福利”。(方广锠)
sida
佛教术语。指地、水、火、风为四种构成物质的基本元素。又名四界。界,是种类的意思,谓地、水、火、风四种物体均能保持各自的形态,不相紊乱。亦名四大种。种,有能生的作用,如种子。佛教认为一切物质都是四大所生。又把物质世界称为色法。色,分能造色和所造色两类,四大种为能造色,其余一切物体为所造色。
四大之“大”,有两种含义:1、相大,如大山大地,大江大海,大山劫火,黑团风、龙卷风等;2、用大,一切物体皆为四大组成(所造)。说一切有部认为,四大各有不同的性能和业用,地大以坚为性,有一定硬度,其业用能受持万物;水大以湿为性,有一定的湿度,其业用能使物摄聚不散;火大以热为性,有一定的温度,其业用能使物成熟;风大以动为性,有一家的动力,其业用能使物成长。四大发内外两类,动物体内的四大称内四大,动物体外的四大称外四大。四大又有实假之分。从四大的坚湿暖动诸性而言,唯身根能感触,属触处所摄色,为实四大;眼根所见的四大,是形色(地水火风的长、短、方、圆、高、下、正、不正等形状)和颜色(地水火风的青、黄、赤、白、黑等颜色),属假四大。佛教认为人身亦由四大构成,以此说明人身无常、不实、受苦。《金光明最胜王经》卷五称:“地水火风共成身,随彼因缘招异果,同在一处相违害,如四毒蛇居一箧。”
四大原是古印度用以分析和认识物质世界的传统说法,佛教加以改造。但古印度佛教以外的各学派,对四大的解释各有不同。顺世派对于物质世界不论能造所造,都说是四大,并认为是常住不变的。胜论派认为四大属于实句义(实体范畴),是常与无常。数论派认为,地水火风既是所造也是能造,说四大是色、声、香、味、触五尘(五唯,即五种细微元素)所造。佛教各派对四大也有不同的见解。大众部认为,四大为能造,色香味触四尘为所造。成实学派认为,四尘能造四大,四大能造五根,主张四大通能造所造。经量部认为能造所造皆通实假,主张微尘是实,粗色属假。一说部认为,能造所造唯有假名,都无实体。瑜伽行派认为,有漏大种所造色属依他起性,无漏大种所造色通圆成实和依他起;大种唯属实,造色通实假。(刘明渊)
wuzhongxing
佛教教义。姓亦作性。略称五姓,或称五种种姓、五种乘姓及五乘种姓。瑜伽行派和法相宗认为一切众生先天具有五种本性,由阿赖耶识中无漏种子(没有烦恼所污)和有漏种子(为烦恼所污,受到束缚限制)所决定,不可改变。《大乘入楞伽经》卷二称五种种姓为:声闻乘种姓,缘觉乘种姓,如来乘种性,不定种姓,无种姓。佛教认为,此五种种姓,证得的果位均不同。1、声闻乘定姓(定姓声闻)。闻佛声教而得觉悟,故名声闻。专门修习声闻因,而证声闻果,不想进求佛道,是名声闻乘定姓。2、缘觉乘定姓(定姓缘觉)。观察思维因缘生灭的法和理,契证真实灭谛,故名缘觉。专门修习缘觉因,而证缘觉果,更不进求佛道,是名缘觉乘定姓。在大乘看来,这只是独善其身而不拯救众生。3、如来乘定性(定姓菩萨)。菩萨悲智双运,冤亲等观,广利众生,证菩提果,是名定性菩萨(如来乘定姓)。以上三种统称“三乘”。认为这三乘一定会相应地达到罗汉、辟支佛、菩萨(或佛)的果位,故称定性。4、不定种姓。指具有三乘本有种子,遇缘薰习,修行不定。若近声闻,就修习声闻法,若近缘觉,则修习缘觉法,若近菩萨,又修习菩萨法,究竟达到何种果位,不能肯定,是名不定种姓。5、无种姓。无种,指无善根种子。生成邪见,拨无因果,不受化度,不求解脱,甘溺生死,是名无种姓,又名一阐提。谓不信佛法,无佛种姓,永远沉沦生死苦海,虽然能修得人天胜妙果报,却永远不能成佛。此五种姓之说,虽是瑜伽行派和法相宗所特有的主张,但思想来源很早。《大般若经》卷五百九十三中已提到三乘性及不定性。即声闻乘性决定者、独觉乘性决定者、无上乘性决定者和三乘性不定者。(元湛)