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catu CHAN chie once ca^ga cakka cause chaos citta kicca nicca sacca space access action ANICCA anicca Avi^ci cakkhu carana carita chanda change course escape object picked trance va^ca^ absence avacara cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline factors miccha^ miracle paccaya patched perfect Preface upacaya vica^ra acquired ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding dogmatic kin~cana kukkucca papan~ca PATIENCE patience practice reaction scruples sucarita suchness uddhacca upaca^ra acinteyya adherence adhicitta cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice duccarita ENDURANCE existence faculties IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy micchatta obstacles advertence analytical compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment elasticity EXTINCTION extinction functional hindrances inducement low speech macchariya obduracies overcoming permanency productive reflection repugnance SIX PLACES successive tendencies upavica^ra appicchata^ ariya sacca association attachments chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta deliverance destruction dosa carita forbearance intoxicants mind object nippapan~ca perfections performance proficiency RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara san~cetana^ vaci^ kamma vicikiccha^ accumulation arúpa^vacara ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka dibba cakkhu dissociation impermanence inclinations intoxicating ka^ma^vacara lobha carita non violence pan~ca si^la predominance proclivities purification ra^ga carita recollectons RENUNCIATION RIGHT ACTION RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na subconscious twin miracle ahetuka citta anuloma citta atthi paccaya birth process brahma cariya cakkhu dha^tu companionship comprehension concentration consciousness CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness disappearance FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE VEHICLES imperfections ka^ma cchanda kamma paccaya karma process magga paccaya manopavica^ra mental action pacceka bodhi post nascence sammuti sacca SIX ENTRANCES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned verbal action vijja^ carana vipacitan~n~u voha^ra sacca altruistic joy chal abhin~n~o citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi natthi paccaya pacceka buddha path condition sahetuka citta samudaya sacca TEN DIRECTIONS uccheda ditthi vigata paccaya visible object 瑜伽行派(Yogacara) anicca san~n~a^ avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana chal abhin~n~a^ characteristics citta sankha^ra indriya paccaya mental function mental obduracy nihilistic view nissaya paccaya olfactory organ sankhitta citta sceptical doubt self confidence TAKING PRECEPTS THREE OBSTACLES vaci^ sankha^ra vipa^ka paccaya vitakka vica^ra 五明(panca-vidya) a^sevana paccaya adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series equality conceit mano san~cetana^ monks’ community santi^rana citta sensuous craving te ci^varik’anga tiraccha^na yoni upekkhopavica^ra vaci^ vin~n~atti vin~n~a^na kicca votthapana citta 四谛(catur-satyas) a^cin!n!aka kamma anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight cakkhu vin~n~a^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS ineffective karma mental advertence non disappearance paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya sensuous clinging SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER upaca^ra sama^dhi upacchedaka kamma yoga^vacara yogi 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) asankha^rika citta catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta karma accumulation meritorious action ONE BUDDHA VEHICLE reflex perceptions sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification somanassúpavica^ra tada^rammana citta tiraccha^na katha^ unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence yoga^vacara = yogi 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五種姓(panca-gotrani) 圓珍(Enchin 814~891) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) alcohol prohibition analytical doctrine counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking gradual instruction inferiority conceit lofty consciousness one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT CONCENTRATION samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta spiritual faculties superiority conceit 月官(Candragomin約7世紀) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness inference of meaning ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra niyata miccha^ditthi paccavekkhana n~a^na paccavekkhana suddhi paccha^ja^ta paccaya pan~ca voka^ra bhava pan~cadva^ra^vajjana regenerating process UNCONDITIONED DHARMA a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti corporeality and mind deluded consciousness germinating once more mind and corporeality pan~ca dva^ra^vajjana produced corporeality sacca^nulomika n~a^na THREE CLASSIFICATIONS transference of merit vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana abhisama^ca^rika si^la an~n~a^man~n~a paccaya appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance doctrine of the Buddha FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence unshakable deliverance upahacca parinibba^yi^ 中國佛教(Chinese Buddhism) catu dha^tu vavattha^na FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 菩提流支(Bodhiruci 約5~6世紀間) 月稱(Candrakirti 約7世紀中葉) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina reflecting contemplation sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) avoidance and performance hate rooted consciousness registering consciousness support decisive support 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 日蓮(Nichiren 1222~1282) a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga mind consciousness element parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality thought thought conception 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 解深密經(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 歐美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) 師覺月(Prabodhi Chandra Bagachi ?~1956) FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金剛經(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 異部宗輪論(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 馬克斯·缪勒,F·(Friedrich Max Muller 1823~1900) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) ▲ 收起
英漢對照詞典 【19】ANICCA

anicca  ==  無常

南傳佛教英文辭典 【20】anicca

  ”impermanent”  (or,  as  abstract  noun,  aniccata^,  ”impermanence”)  ...
is  the  first  of  the  three  characteristics  of  existence  (tilakkhana,  q.v.).  It  is  from  the  fact  of  impermanence  that,  in  most  texts,  the  other  two  characteristics,  suffering  (dukkha)  and  not-self  (anatta^),  are  derived  (S.22.  15;  Ud.IV.  I)
"Impermanence  of  things  is  the  rising,  passing  and  changing  of  things,  or  the  disappearance  of  things  that  have  become  or  arisen.  The  meaning  is  that  these  things  never  persist  in  the  same  way,  but  that  they  are  vanishing  dissolving  from  moment  to  moment"  (Vis.M.  VII,  3).
Impermanence  is  a  basic  feature  of  all  conditioned  phenomena,  be  they  material  or  mental,  coarse  or  subtle,  one”s  own  or  external:  All  formations  are  impermanent"  (sabbe  sankha^ra^  anicca^;  M.  35,  Dhp.  277).  That  the  totality  of  existence  is  impermanent  is  also  often  stated  in  terms  of  the  five  aggregates  (khandha,  q.v.),  the  twelve  personal  and  external  sense  bases  (a^yatana  q.v.),  etc.  Only  Nibba^na  (q.v.),  which  is  unconditioned  and  not  a  formation  (asankhata),  is  permanent  (nicca,  dhuva).
The  insight  leading  to  the  first  stage  of  deliverance,  Stream-entry  (sota^patti;  s.  ariya-puggala),  is  often  expressed  in  terms  of  impermanence:  "Whatever  is  subject  to  origination,  is  subject  to  cessation"  (s.  Dhammacakkappavattana  Sutta,  S.46.  11).  In  his  last  exhortation,  before  his  Parinibba^na,  the  Buddha  reminded  his  monks  of  the  impermanence  of  existence  as  a  spur  to  earnest  effort:  "Behold  now,  Bhikkhus,  I  exhort  you:  Formations  are  bound  to  vanish.  Strive  earnestly!"  (vayadhamma^  sankha^ra^,  appama^dena  sampa^detha;  D.  16).
Without  the  deep  insight  into  the  impermanence  and  insubstantiality  of  all  phenomena  of  existence  there  is  no  attainment  of  deliverance.  Hence  comprehension  of  impermanence  gained  by  direct  meditative  experience  heads  two  lists  of  insight  knowledge:  
(a)  contemplation  of  impermanence  (anicca^nupassana^)  is  the  first  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (q.v.);  
(b)  the  contemplation  of  arising  and  vanishing  (udayabbaya^nupassana^-n~a^na)  is  the  first  of  9  kinds  of  knowledge  which  lead  to  the  ”purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress”  (s.  visuddhi,  VI).  -  
Contemplation  of  impermanence  leads  to  the  conditionless  deliverance  (animitta-vimokkha;  s.  vimokkha).  As  herein  the  faculty  of  confidence  (saddhindriya)  is  outstanding,  he  who  attains  in  that  way  the  path  of  Stream-entry  is  called  a  faith-devotee  (saddha^nusa^ri^;  s.  ariya-puggala)  and  at  the  seven  higher  stages  he  is  called  faith-liberated  (saddha^-vimutta),  -  See  also  anicca-san~n~a^.
See  The  Three  Basic  Facts  of  Existence  I:  Impermanence  (WHEEL  186/187)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【21】Avi^ci

  is  the  name  of  one  of  the  most  frightful  hells  (niraya,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【22】cakkhu

  ”eye”  s.  a^yatana.  -  The  foll.  5  kinds  of  ”eyes”  are  mentioned  and  explained  in  CNid.  (PTS,  p.  235;  the  first  3  also  in  It.  52):  1.  the  physical  eye  (mamsa  cakkhu),  2.  the  divine  eye  (dibba-cakkhu;  s.  abhin~n~a^),  3.  the  eye  of  wisdom  (pan~n~a^-cakkhu),  4  the  eye  of  a  Buddha  (Buddha-c.),  5.  the  eye  of  all-round  knowledge  (samanta-c.;  a  frequent  appellation  of  the  Buddha).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【23】carana

  s.  vijja^-carana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【24】carita

  ra^ga-c.,  dosa-c.,  buddhi-c.,  etc.,  are  only  to  be  met  with  in  the  Com.  and  Vis.M.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【25】carita

  ”nature,  character”.  In  Vis.M.  III  there  are  explained  six  types  of  men:  the  greedy-natured  (ra^ga-carita),  the  hate-natured  (dosa-carita),  the  stupid  or  dull-natured  (moha-carita),  the  faithful-natured  (saddha^-carita),  the  intelligent-natured  (buddhi-carita),  the  ruminating-natured  (vitakka-carita).  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【26】chanda

  intention,  desire,  will.
1.  As  an  ethically  neutral  psychological  term,  in  the  sense  of  ”intention”,  it  is  one  of  those  general  mental  factors  (cetasika,  q.v.  Tab.  II)  taught  in  the  Abhidhamma,  the  moral  quality  of  which  is  determined  by  the  character  of  the  volition  (cetana^,  q.v.)  associated  therewith.  The  Com.  explains  it  as  ”a  wish  to  do”  (kattu-kamyata^-chanda).  If  intensified,  it  acts  also  as  a  ”predominance  condition”  (s.  paccaya  3).
2.  As  an  evil  quality  it  has  the  meaning  of  ”desire”,  and  is  frequently  coupled  with  terms  for  ”sensuality”,  ”greed”,  etc.,  for  instance:  ka^ma-cchanda,  ”sensuous  desire”,  one  of  the  5  hindrances  (s.  ni^varana);  chanda-ra^ga,  ”lustful  desire”  (s.  ka^ma).  It  is  one  of  the  4  wrong  paths  (s.  agati).
3.  As  a  good  quality  it  is  a  righteous  will  or  zeal  (dhamma-chanda)  and  occurs,  e.g.  in  the  formula  of  the  4  right  efforts  (s.  padha^na):  "The  monk  rouses  his  will  (chandam  janeti)...."  If  intensified,  it  is  one  of  the  4  roads  to  power  (s.  iddhipa^da).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【27】change

  contemplation  of:  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassana^,  q.v.)  .

南傳佛教英文辭典 【28】course

  of  action  (wholesome  or  unwholesome):  kammapatha  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【29】escape

  nissarana  (s.  paha^na).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【30】object

  a^rammana  (q.v.);  as  condition  s.  paccaya  (2).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【31】picked

  up  rags,  wearing  robes  made  from:  s.  dhutanga.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【32】trance

  jha^na  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【33】va^ca^

  ”speech”.  On  right  sp.,  s.  magga  (3),  sacca  (IV.3).  -  Low  talk,  s.  tiraccha^na-katha^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【34】absence

  natthi-paccaya,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【35】avacara

  ”sphere”,  realm.  The  3  spheres  of  existence  are:  the  sensuous  sphere  (ka^ma^vacara),  the  fine-material  sphere  (rúpa^vacara),  the  immaterial  sphere  (arúpa^vacara)."Which  things  are  of  the  sensuous  sphere  (ka^ma^vacara)?  Whatever  things  exist  within  the  interval  bounded  beneath  by  the  Avi^ci-hell  and  above  by  the  Paranimmitavasavatti-heaven  (s.  deva),  having  therein  their  sphere,  and  being  therein  included,  to  wit:  the  groups  of  existence,  the  elements,  bases  (s.  khandha,  dha^tu,  a^yatana),  corporeality,  feeling,  perception,  mental  formations  and  consciousness,  all  these  things  are  of  the  sensuous  sphere.  -  But  which  things  are  of  the  fine  material  sphere  (rúpa^vacara)?  Whatever  things  exist  within  the  interval  bounded  beneath  by  the  Brahma-world  and  above  by  the  Akanittha-world  (s.  deva),  having  therein  their  sphere,  and  being  therein  included  ...  and  also  consciousness  and  mental  factors  in  one  who  has  entered  the  (fine-material)  absorptions,  or  who  has  been  reborn  in  that  sphere,  or  who  already  during  his  life-time  is  living  in  happiness  (of  the  absorptions),  all  these  things  are  of  the  fine-material  sphere.  -  Which  things  are  of  the  immaterial  sphere  (arúpa^vacara)?  Consciousness  and  mental  factors  arising  within  the  interval  bounded  beneath  by  the  beings  reborn  in  the  sphere  of  unbounded  space  and  above  by  the  beings  reborn  in  the  sphere  of  neither-perception-nor-non-perception  (s.  jha^na  5-8),  and  consciousness  and  mental  factors  in  one  who  has  entered  the  (immaterial  absorptions),  or  who  has  been  reborn  in  that  sphere,  or  who  already  during  his  lifetime  is  living  in  happiness  (of  the  immaterial  absorptions),  all  these  things  are  of  the  immaterial  sphere."  (Cf.  Dhs.  1280,  1282,  1284;  Vibh.  XVIII).  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【36】avacara

  ka^ma^vacara  is  already  met  with  in  the  oldest  sutta  texts  (e.g.  D.  1).  Rúpa^vacara  and  arúpa^vacara,  however,  occur  probably  for  the  first  time  in  Pts.M.  (I.  83ff.),  while  in  the  Abhidhamma  Canon  and  the  Com.  all  the  3  terms  are  frequently  mentioned  and  explained.

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