upaca^ra-sama^dhi (q.v.) .
s. samuttha^na.
Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss == 极乐世界/净土
This is the Buddha Land of Amitabha Buddha. In Amitabha Sutra, there is full description about this Pure Land. This is the world of utmost joy without suffering. With the spiritual power of Amitabha Buddha, all beings in this world will understand Buddhism easily and practise diligently, and attain enlightenment eventually. Therefore by reciting Amitabha Buddha”s name, Buddhist followers hope that they will be born in this Pure Land after their lives on earth. See also Nine Stages of Lotus Flowers.
”the knowledge and vision according to reality”, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (vipassana^, q.v.).
Law of Dependent Origination == 缘起法
It states that all phenomenon arise depending upon a number of casual factors. In other word, it exists in condition that the other exist; it has in condition that others have; it extinguishes in condition that others extinguish; it has not in condition that others have not. For existence, there are twelve links in the chain:
Ignorance is the condition for karmic activity; karmic activity is the condition for consciousness; consciousness is the condition for the name and form; name and form is the condition for the six sense organs; six sense organs are the condition for contact; contact is the condition for feeling; feeling is the condition for emotional love/craving; emotional love/craving is the condition for grasping; grasping is the condition for existing; existing is the condition for birth; birth is the condition for old age and death; old age and death is the condition for ignorance; and so on.
”knowledge consisting in reflective contemplation"; is one of the 9 knowledges constituting the ”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” (patipada^-n~a^nadassanavisuddhi; s. visuddhi VI), and one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (maha^vipassana^; s. vipassana^).
s. sota^panna.
Changlewojing
佛教术语。其义有二:1、四颠倒:佛教认为,世间是生死法,一切有为法(有生、住、变异和消失的事物),都是由众多因缘条件而生灭变化的,它的本性皆是无常、苦、无我和不净,但“凡夫”不明此理,相反地认为是常、乐、我、净,颠倒妄执,因称之为四颠倒。《俱舍论》卷十九称:“应知颠倒总有四种,一于无常执常颠倒,二于诸苦执乐颠倒,三于不净执净颠倒,四于无我执我颠倒。”2、涅槃四德:大乘佛教认为,一旦证入涅槃,就会具有真正的常乐我净。因涅槃的体性有四种功德。恒常不变而无生灭,名之为常德;寂灭永安,名之为乐德;得大自在,是主是依,性不变易,名之为我德;解脱一切垢染,名之为净德。(任杰)
Pusa jieben
佛教大乘戒律书。亦称《菩萨善戒经》、《瑜伽戒本》等。汉译题为弥勒说,藏译题为无著造。为大乘律藏中记载菩萨戒条文、说明戒相的典籍。
译本 汉译有四种:①《菩萨戒本》。北凉昙无谶译,1卷;从《菩萨地持经·方便处戒品》录出,加归敬颂而成,亦称《地持戒本》。②《菩萨善戒经》。南朝宋求那跋摩译,1卷。③《优婆塞五戒威仪经》。译者不详(日本《大正新修大藏经》题南朝宋求那跋摩译),1卷。④《菩萨或本》。唐玄奘译,1卷;从《瑜伽师地论·本地分》中《菩萨地初持瑜伽处戒品》录出,亦称《瑜伽戒本》。玄奘又于唐贞观二十三年(649)在大慈恩寺译出《菩萨戒羯磨文》1卷,别出《菩萨戒本》1卷,普光笔受,是为最后定本。此外,尚有后秦鸠摩罗什所译《梵网经》,据称梵本共61卷,罗什只译了《菩萨心地戒品》,分上下品。下品说十重戒、四十八轻或,故也称《菩萨戒经》,流行较《瑜伽戒本》为广。
玄奘译的《菩萨戒本》,十分流行,其入室弟子多持大乘戒,且常在名字前冠以“大乘”字样,如窥基称“大乘基”等。
内容 主要说明菩萨戒相。书中列举四种重戒和四十八种轻戒。菩萨戒相分摄律仪戒、摄善法戒和饶益有情戒三大类,称“三聚戒”。重戒为:贪求利养、恭敬,自赞或毁他;他求财法,悭吝不施;忿恼有情,不受谏谢;谤大乘法,说相似法。轻戒为:不供养、颂赞、信念三宝;贪着利养、恭敬无厌;不敬长老、不答来问;不受他请;不受施物;求法不施;弃舍犯戒有情;于诸遮罪不应与声闻共学而共学;为利他故七支性罪应开不开;邪命不舍;威仪不静;不乐涅槃;于恶声誉不护不雪;护他忧恼不作调伏;报复瞋打骂弄;犯他不忏谢;不受他忏谢;于他怀恨坚持不舍;染心畜徒众;贪睡眠休卧;贪无义语虚度时日;不求教授;不除盖障;贪世间禅;轻弃声闻乘;舍菩萨藏专学声闻藏;未精佛教研异学外论;爱乐异、外论;谤菩萨藏甚深法义;怀爱恚心、自赞毁他;不往听正法;轻慢说法者;不为助伴;不瞻病苦;见作非理不为说正理;不报恩惠;不畏忧恼;求财不施;不以财法摄受徒众;不随他心转;他实有德不欲赞扬;不折伏行非法者;不现神通引摄制伏。
法疏 现存有隋慧远述《地持论义记》(卷三,下);唐遁伦集撰《瑜伽师地论记》(卷十),窥基撰《瑜伽师地论略纂》(卷十一);明智旭笺《菩萨戒本经笺要》1卷(系释昙无谶译《菩萨戒本》)。此外有日本行性述《菩萨或本笺解》3卷(系用汉文注释玄奘译《菩萨戒本》)。藏文大藏经丹珠尔中有印度关于《瑜伽戒本》注释多种。藏文注释有宗喀巴的《菩萨戒本品释》(系集诸家注释之大成),另有藏译月官造《菩萨戒摄颂》。(隆莲)
Three Meditations of One Mind == 一心三观
Also known as Three Inconceivable Meditations, which is one of the practices in Tien Tai Sect in China. According to Tien Tai, all existence in the universe consists of Three Dogmas (Truths), namely, Void, Unreal and Mean. These three Dogmas are co-existent and interactive, integrated and interrelated. If one can meditate this concept with the whole mind, it is call Three Meditations of One mind, or Inconceivable Profound Meditation.
s. dhutanga.
a^nen~ja^bhisankha^ra; s. sankha^ra.
”contemplation on disinterestedness regarding the whole world”, described in A. X., 60 in the following words: "If, Ananda, the monk gives up his tenacious clinging to the world, his firm grasping and his biases and inclinations of the mind, and turns away from these things, does not cling to them, this, Ananda, is called the contemplation on disinterestedness regarding the whole world."
Vipasyana Sukhavativyuha Sutra == 观无量寿经
It is one of the main sutra for Pure Land Sect. The Sutra indicates that the Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha is one of the Buddha Lands. It also describes how to be born in the Pure Land through the Sixteen Contemplations. Therefore, the Sutra is also called "Sixteen Contemplations Sutra".
as rúpassa-, ka^ya-, or citta-, are for the first time found in the Abh. Canon, esp. Dhs. All, however, perhaps with the sole exception of pagun~n~ata^, are implied in the Sutta Canon, e.g.”citte mudu-bhúte kammani^ye” (M 4);”lahu-san~n~an~ ca ka^ye okkamitva^” (S. LI. 22);”cittam ujukam akamsu” (S. I. 26; PTS). Ka^ya-passaddhi and citta-passaddhi, however, are well known in the old sutta texts in this connection.
The first of these 3 fundamental terms, especially in this 3-fold grouping, belongs to the commentarial literature, though the idea expressed thereby is often found in the suttas in such expressions as: ”dhammam pariya^puna^ti suttam geyyam veyya^karanam ....” The 2 other terms are found separately in the suttas.
Six Directions of Reincarnation == 六道轮回
(1) Naraka, i.e. Hell(地狱)
(2) Presta, i.e. Hungry Ghost(饿鬼)
(3) Tiryagyoni, i.e. Animal(畜牲)
(4) Asura, i.e. Malevolent nature spirits(阿修罗)
(5) Manusya, i.e. Human Existence(人)
(6) Deva, i.e. Heavenly Existence(天,梵天)
”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” forms the 6th stage of purification (visuddhi, q.v.).