intercourse, unlawful: s. ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra.
vipassana^ ya^nika = sukkha-vipassaka (q.v.).
”happy course of existence”; s. gati.
vipassaka = suddha-vipassana^-ya^nika: these terms are used only in the Com., as also their counterpart samathaya^nika.
Sumeru == 须弥山
Sanskrit words. It means wonderful high mountain. It is composed of gold. silver, lapis lazuli and crystal, therefore it is so wonderful. It is eighty four thousand Yugamdhara high and eighty found thousand Yugamdhara wide, which is the greatest mountain amongst all.
the 4 Noble: sacca (q.v.). - 2-fold knowledge of the t.; s. saccan~a^na.
a class of heavenly beings in the sensuous plane; s. deva (1).
lit.”something which one grasps, to which one clings, i.e. the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.). In the suttas, the word is mostly used in such expressions as "One of the 2 fruits may be expected: either perfect wisdom or, if the groups are still remaining (sati upa^di-sese, ”if there is a remainder of groups ), Ana^ga^mi^ship" (D. 22). Further (A. IV. 118): "Here the Perfect One has passed into the Nibba^na-element in which no more groups are remaining (anupa^di-sesa)." Cf. nibba^na. upa^dinna rúpa: ”karmically acquired corporeality”, or ”matter clung-to (by karma)”, is identical with karma-produced corporeality (kammaja-rúpa; s. samuttha^na). In Vis.M. XIV it is said: "That corporcality which, later on, we shall refer to as ”karma-produced” (kammaja), is, for its being dependent on previous (pre-natal) karma, called ”karmically acquired”.”” The term (upa^dinna) occurs so in the suttas, e.g. M. 28 (WHEEL 101), 62, 140. See Dhs. §990; Khandha Vibh.
”substratum of existence”. In the Com. there are enumerated 4 kinds: the 5 groups (khandha, q.v.), sensuous desire (ka^ma), mental defilements (kilesa, q.v.), karma (q.v.). In the suttas it occurs frequently in Sn. (vv. 33, 364, 546, 728), and, with reference to Nibba^na, in the phrase "the abandoning of all substrata" (sabbúpadhi-patinissagga; D. 14). See viveka (3).
the 4 noble: ariya-vamsa (q.v.).
as a general term for the 5 sense-organs (cakkhu-vatthu, etc ) is frequent in the Com., and often used together with a^rammana (object). This usage, however, is already indicated in the Abh. Canon: ”Cakkhum p”etam... vatthum p”etam” (Dhs. § 597; Vibh., p.71, PTS): ”cakkhuvin~n~a^nassa vatthu” (Dhs. §§ 679ff.).
”physical base”, i.e. the 6 physical organs on which the mental process is based, are the 5 physical sense-organs and, according to the Com., the heart (hadaya-vatthu, q.v.) as the 6th. This 6th vatthu must not be confounded with the 6th a^yatana, which is a collective name for all consciousness whatever. - (App.).
s. si^la.
courses (of existence): duggati (s. gati).
s. jha^na.
akusala == 恶,不善
”unwholesome”, ...
are all those karmic volitions (kamma-cetana^; s. cetana^) and the consciousness and mental concomitants associated therewith, which are accompanied either by greed (lobha) or hate (dosa) or merely delusion (moha); and all these phenomena are causes of unfavourable karma-results and contain the seeds of unhappy destiny or rebirth.
Cf. karma, paticca-samuppa^da (1), Tab. II.
the 7 ”proclivities”, inclinations, or tendencies are: sensuous greed (ka^ma-ra^ga, s. samyojana), grudge (patigha), speculative opinion (ditthi, q.v.), sceptical doubt (vicikiccha^, q.v.), conceit (ma^na, q.v.), craving for continued existence (bhavara^ga), ignorance (avijja^, q.v.) (D. 33; A. VII, 11, 12).
"These things are called ”proclivities” since, in consequence of their pertinacity, they ever and again tend to become the conditions for the arising of ever new sensuous greed, etc.”” (Vis.M. XXII, 60).
Yam. VII, first determines in which beings such and such proclivities exist, and which proclivities, and with regard to what, and in which sphere of existence. Thereafter it gives an explanation concerning their overcoming, their penetration, etc. Cf. Guide VI (vii). According to Kath. several ancient Buddhist schools erroneously held the opinion that the anusayas, as such, meant merely latent, hence karmically neutral qualities, which however Contradicts the Therava^da conception. Cf. Guide V, 88, 108, 139.