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atta catu gati hate meat path sati agati amata ARHAT atta^ death great satta vatta water ANATTA Arahat atappa eating JATAKA MATTER matter sugati vatthu virati anatta^ created duggati matured patched patigha samatha sassata vipatti vivatta a^yatana anussati atima^na dogmatic fatalism KSATRIYA nibbatti PATIENCE patience sammatta sankhata tathata^ ujukata^ uposatha 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) asankhata attention avya^kata breathing deviation dukkhata^ formation immediate mahaggata micchatta pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha SENSATION SIX PATHS ti ratana aberration aggregates BODHISATTA Bodhisatta foundation generation intimation liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation paramattha patisandhi pattida^na sama^patti si^labbata sota^patti ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA foundations infatuation inoperative kamma patha kamma vatta mana^yatana MIDDLE PATH middle path origination patipannaka patti da^na penetration preparatory realization rúpa^yatana sala^yatana si^vathika^ temperature vavattha^na 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation dispensation dissociation hate natured heat element inclinations intoxicating kammattha^na pakati si^la patisandhika purification RENUNCIATION vatthu ka^ma 三界(tridhatu) Abbreviations anatta^ va^da attentiveness atthi paccaya concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation deathlessness determination dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta hadaya vatthu investigating investigation kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness material food nimma^na rati pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na satipattha^na tittha^yatana vivatta kappa water element abhibha^yatana asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path greedy natured katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu stupid natured transformation ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava vigata paccaya 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana deluded natured EIGHT NEGATIONS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta natthika ditthi pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA samatha ya^nika sappatigha rúpa SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga tatha^gata bala tranquilisation upasama^nussati 百论(Sata-sastra) 法界(dharmadhatu) 极乐世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA dukkha patipada^ faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations life infatuation mental formation natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS vaci^ vin~n~atti 四谛(catur-satyas) 吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ cittass’ekaggata^ immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha na^natta san~n~a^ pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava tatramajjhattata^ youth infatuation ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava dha^tu vavattha^na health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ self mortification tatra majjhattata^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH 四大(caturmahabhuta) anabhirati san~n~a^ attha patisambhida^ death consciousness FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS intelligent natured majjhima^ patipada^ RIGHT CONCENTRATION sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA sun~n~ata^ vimokkha TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 六足论(Satpada sastra) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA niyata miccha^ditthi pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ ti hetu patisandhika vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana bhojane mattan~n~uta^ death proximate karma dependent origination dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na pun~n~a kiriya vatthu THREE CLASSIFICATIONS ubhato bha^ga vimutta vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) attainment concentration patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga paranimmita vasavatti deva TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯识论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 达斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 三十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 唯识二十论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯识三十颂(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【55】ujukata^

  (ka^ya-,  citta-  ):  ”uprightness”  (of  mental  factors  and  of  consciousness),  is  associated  with  all  pure  consciousness.  Cf.  Tab.  II.

南传佛教英文辞典 【56】ujukata^

  s.  lahuta^.

南传佛教英文辞典 【57】uposatha

  lit.”fasting”,  i.e.”fasting  day”,  is  the  full-moon  day,  the  new-moon  day,  and  the  two  days  of  the  first  and  last  moonquarters.  On  full-moon  and  new-moon  days,  the  Disciplinary  Code,  the  Pa^timokkha,  is  read  before  the  assembled  community  of  monks  (bhikkhu),  while  on  the  mentioned  4  moon-days  many  of  the  faithful  lay  devotees  go  to  visit  the  monasteries,  and  there  take  upon  themselves  the  observance  of  the  8  rules  (attha-si^la;  sikkha^pada).  See  A.  VIII,  41ff.

中国百科全书 【58】谛(satya)

  Di

  佛教教义。意谓真理或实在。主要有四谛、二谛、三谛等不同说法。

  四谛  1、苦谛。苦是受逼迫苦恼之意,主要指三界生死轮回的苦恼。有三苦、八苦的不同。三苦,一为苦苦,指正在受痛苦时的苦恼;二为坏苦,是享受快乐结束时的苦恼;三为行苦,谓不苦不乐时,为无常变化的自然规律所支配的苦恼,包括生、老、病、死在内。八苦即生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、求不得苦、怨憎会苦、爱别离苦、五阴盛苦。佛教认为,三苦、八苦有的是社会原因造成的,有的是自然原因造成的。

  2、集谛。亦名习谛。集是积聚感招之意。说一切众生,常时以来,由于贪瞋愚痴的行动,造成的善恶行为的业因,能感招将来的生死苦果。

  3、灭谛。亦名尽谛,为息灭、灭尽之意,灭尽三界内之烦恼业因以及生死果报,称为灭,也称了脱生死,从此不再受三界内的生死苦恼,达到涅槃寂灭境界,即为解脱。

  4、道谛。道为通达之意,也是道路的意思。这种道路是达到寂灭解脱的方法和手段;原始佛教认为道谛是指八正道。以后大、小乘又各有发展。佛教认为依道谛去修行,就能达到寂灭解脱的灭谛。由此途径确实可以达到解脱生死的目的。

  二谛  即真谛和俗谛。又称第一义谛、世俗谛,或名胜义谛与名言谛。真俗二谛,中观派的基本思想是缘起性空论,认为世间出世间万事万物,都是由众多因素相依相持而形成的,是有,称假有,这就是世俗谛,没有独立不变的自性,是空,称性空,这就是真谛,所以真俗二谛,就是空、有二谛。这是就外在的物境而言。若以主观认识而论,谓世俗谛是有,这是世间一般人的常识见解;言真谛为空是二乘圣者特有的超世见解。实际上,说有不住有,谈空不落空,空有无碍,才是真俗二谛的正观。又世俗谛的有,是世间万事万物的现象;真谛的空,是世间万事万物的本性。缘起才能性空,性空才能缘起,缘起与性空实际是一种事物的两个方面,相反相成,对立而统一。所以缘起就是性空,性空就是缘起。如《般若经》中说:色即是空,空即是色,不二而二,二而不二。大乘佛教各宗,因为传承或立论方法不同,对二谛的解释也各不相同。有的认为二谛是理,有的认为二谛是教。天台宗认为二谛或三谛是真实不虚的谛理,故云:“三谛者,天然之性德也。”三论宗认为真俗二谛是两种真实不虚的言教:“二谛者,盖是言教之通诠,相待之假称……唯是教门,不关境理。”

  三谛  即空谛、假谛、中道谛。佛教天台宗所立的谛理。认为一切事物都由因缘而生,没有永恒不变的实体,叫做空谛;一切事物其中虽无永恒不变的实体,却有如幻如化的相貌,叫做假谛;这些都不出法性,不待造作而有,叫做中道谛。一切事物,皆不出此空、假、中三谛的范畴,故称为三谛之理。《始终心要》说:“三谛者,天然之性德也,中谛者统一切法,真谛者泯一切法,假谛者立一切法。”又此三谛,圆融无碍,一即是三,三即是一。如观空时,无假无中无不空;观假时,无空无中无不假;观中道时,无空无假无不中,名为圆融三谛。《中观论·四谛品》说:“因缘所生法,我说即是空,亦为是假名,亦是中道义”。此偈被认为是圆融三谛的出处。(刘峰)

中国百科全书 【59】慧 (Mati)


  Hui

  又称增上慧学,亦即智慧。慧就是有厌、无欲、见真。摈除一切欲望和烦恼,专思四谛、十二因缘,以窥见法,获得智慧解脱。

南传佛教英文辞典 【60】asankhata

  The  ”Unformed,  Unoriginated,  Unconditioned”  is  a  name  for  Nibba^na,  the  beyond  of  all  becoming  and  conditionality.

南传佛教英文辞典 【61】attention

  s.  manasika^ra.

南传佛教英文辞典 【62】avya^kata

  This  term  in  the  sense  of  ”amoral”  or  ”karmically  neutral”,  does  not  occur  in  the  old  sutta  texts,  while  it  is  found  in  Pts.M.  (e.g.  I,  79ff).  It  plays  an  important  role  in  the  Abh.  Canon  (e.g.  Dhs.)  and  the  philosophical  commentaries.

南传佛教英文辞典 【63】avya^kata

  lit.”indeterminate”  -  i.e.  neither  determined  as  karmically  ”wholesome”  nor  as  ”unwholesome”  -  are  the  karmically  neutral,  i.e.  amoral,  states  of  consciousness  and  mental  factors.  They  are  either  mere  karma-results  (vipa^ka,  q.v.),  as  e.g.  all  the  sense  perceptions  and  the  mental  factors  associated  therewith,  or  they  are  karmically  independent  functions  (kiriya-citta,  q.v.),  i.e.  neither  karmic  nor  karma-resultant.  See  Tab.  I.  (App.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【64】breathing

  mindfulness  of  in-and-out-breathing  a^na^pa^nasati  (q.v.)  .

南传佛教英文辞典 【65】deviation

  (from  morality  and  understanding):  vipatti  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【66】dukkhata^

  (abstr.  noun  fr.  dukkha):  ”the  state  of  suffering”,  painfulness,  unpleasantness,  the  unsatisfactoriness  of  existence."There  are  three  kinds  of  suffering:  (1)  suffering  as  pain  (dukkha-dukkhata^),  (2)  the  suffering  inherent  in  the  formations  (sankha^ra-dukkhata^),  (3)  the  suffering  in  change  (viparina^ma-dukkhata^)"  (S.  XLV,  165;  D.  33).
(1)  is  the  bodily  or  mental  feeling  of  pain  as  actual]y  felt.  (2)  refers  to  the  oppressive  nature  of  all  formations  of  existence  (i.e.  all  conditioned  phenomena),  due  to  their  continual  arising  and  passing  away;  this  includes  also  experiences  associated  with  neutral  feeling.  (3)  refers  to  bodily  and  mental  pleasant  feelings,  "because  they  are  the  cause  for  the  arising  of  pain  when  they  change"  (Vis.M.  XIV,  34f).

南传佛教英文辞典 【67】formation

  sankha^ra  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【68】immediate

  the:  a^nantariya  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【69】mahaggata

  lit.,  ”grown  great”,  i.e.”developed”,  exalted,  supernormal.  As  mahaggata-citta,  it  is  the  state  of  ”developed  consciousness”,  attained  in  the  fine-material  and  immaterial  absorptions  (s.  jha^na);  it  is  mentioned  in  the  mind-contemplation  of  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10).  -  As  mahaggata^rammana,  it  is  the  ”developed  mental  object”  of  those  absorptions  and  is  mentioned  in  the  ”object  triad”  of  the  Abhidhamma  schedule  and  Dhs.  (s.  Guide,  p.  6).

南传佛教英文辞典 【70】micchatta

  ”wrongnesses”  =  prec.

南传佛教英文辞典 【71】pariyatti

  ”learning  the  doctrine”,  the  ”wording  of  the  doctrine”.  In  the  ”progress  of  the  disciple”  (q.v.),  3  stages  may  be  distinguished:  theory,  practice,  realization,  i.e.  (1)  learning  the  wording  of  the  doctrine  (pariyatti),  (2)  practising  it  (patipatti),  (3)  penetrating  it  (pativedha)  and  realising  its  goal.  (App.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【72】patipada^

  1.”Road”,  ”path”;  for  instance  in  dukkhanirodha-ga^mini^-patipada^,  ”the  road  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering”  (=  4th  Noble  Truth);  majjhima-patipada^,  ”the  Middle  Way”.
2.”Progress”  (see  also  the  foll.  article).  There  are  4  modes  of  progress  to  deliverance:  (1)  painful  progress  with  slow  comprehension  (dukkha^  patipada^  dandha^bhin~n~a^),  (2)  painful  progress  with  quick  comprehension,  (3)  pleasant  progress  with  slow  comprehension,  (4)  pleasant  progress  with  quick  comprehension.  In  A.  IV,  162  it  is  said:
(1)  "Some  person  possesses  by  nature  excessive  greed,  excessive  hate,  excessive  delusion,  and  thereby  he  often  feels  pain  and  sorrow;  and  also  the  5  mental  faculties,  as  faith,  energy,  mindfulness,  concentration  and  wisdom  (s.  indriya  15-19)  are  dull  in  him;  and  by  reason  thereof  he  reaches  only  slowly  the  immediacy  (a^nantariya,  q.v)  to  the  cessation  of  all  cankers.
(2)  Some  person  possesses  by  nature  excessive  greed,  etc.,  but  the  5  mental  faculties  are  sharp  in  him  and  by  reason  thereof  he  reaches  quickly  the  immediacy  to  the  cessation  of  all  cankers  ....
(3)  "Some  person  possesses  by  nature  no  excessive  greed,  etc.,  but  the  5  mental  faculties  are  dull  in  him,  and  by  reason  thereof  he  reaches  slowly  the  immediacy  to  the  cessation  of  all  cankers  ....
(4)  ”Some  person  possessess  by  nature  no  excessive  greed,  etc.,  and  the  mental  faculties  are  sharp  in  him,  and  by  reason  thereof  he  reaches  quickly  the  immediacy  to  the  cessation  of  all  cankers  ....
See  A.  IV,  162,  163,  166-169;  Dhs.  176ff;  Atthasa^lini  Tr.  I,  243;  11,  291,  317.

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