is an Abh. term but already alluded to in the old sutta texts, e.g. M. 149: ”a^yatim pan~cúpa^da^nakkhandha^ upacayam gacchanti”, or in D.2: ”Ayam ka^yo ... odana-kumma^s” upacayo”.
rúpassa: ”growth of corporeality”; s. khandha I; App.
”discursive thinking”; s. vitakka-vica^ra.
image (during concentration): s. nimitta, sama^dhi, kasina.
and va^ritta-sila: are only found in the Com., as Vis.M. 1, etc., but the teaching indicated by it is frequently mentioned in the old sutta texts as karani^ya and akarani^ya (e.g. A. II, 16).
and va^ritta si^la: ”morality consisting in performance and morality consisting in avoidance,” means "the performance of those moral rules which the Blessed one has ordained to be followed, and the avoidance of those things that the Blessed One has rejected as not to be followed" (Vis.M. III). - (App.).
ascetic practice of living in a c.; s. dhutanga.
”mental things, mental factors”, are those mental concomitants which are bound up with the simultaneously arising consciousness (citta = vin~n~a^na) and conditioned by its presence . Whereas in the Suttas all phenomena of existence are summed up under the aspect of 5 groups: corporeality, feeling, perception, mental formations, consciousness (s. khandha), the Abhidhamma as a rule treats them under the more philosophical 3 aspects: consciousness, mental factors and corporeality (citta, cetasika, rúpa). Thus, of these 3 aspects, the mental factors (cetasika) comprise feeling, perception and the 50 mental formations, altogether 52 mental concomitants. Of these, 25 are lofty qualities (either karmically wholesome or neutral), 14 karmically unwholesome, while 13 are as such karmically neutral, their karmical quality depending on whether they are associated with wholesome, unwholesome or neutral consciousness. For details s. Tab. II, III. Cf. prec. (App . )
This term oceurs often in the old sutta texts, but only as adj. (e.g. cetasikam sukham, etc.) or, at times, used as a sing. neut. noun (e.g. D. 1; p. 213, PTS). As a designation for mental factors, or concomitants of consciousness (citta-sampayutta^ dhamma^), it is frequently met with in Dhs. (§ 1189, 1512) as cetasika-dhamma, while in Vis.M., Abh. S., etc., cetasika is used also as a neuter noun, in the sense of mental phenomenon.
the 4 kinds of: upa^da^na (q.v.).
function (of consciousness): s. vin~n~a^na-kicca.
articles, the 3: tittha^yatana (q.v.).
”something”, i.e. something evil that sticks or adheres to character.”Evil appendant”, is a name for the 3 unwholesome roots (múla)."There are 3 appendants: greed (lobha) is an appendant, hate (dosa) is an appendant, delusion (moha) is an appendant" (D. 33).”Freed from appendants” (akin~cana) is a term for the perfectly Holy One (Arahat).
lit.”wrongly-performed-ness” (ku+krta+ya), i.e. scruples, remorse, uneasiness of conscience, worry, is one of the karmically unwholesome (akusala) mental faculties (Tab. II) which, whenever it arises, is associated with hateful (discontented) consciousness (Tab. I and III, 30, 31). It is the ”repentance over wrong things done, and right things neglected” (Com. to A. I). Restlessness and scruples (uddhacca-kukkucca), combined, are counted as one of the 5 mental hindrances (ni^varana, q.v.).
(Sanskrit prapan~ca): In doctrinal usage, it signifies the expansion, differentiation, ”diffuseness” or ”manifoldness” of the world; and it may also refer to the ”phenomenal world” in general, and to the mental attitude of ”worldliness”. In A. IV, 173, it is said: "As far as the field of sixfold sense-impression extends, so far reaches the world of diffuseness (or the phenomenal world; papan~cassa gati); as far as the world of diffuseness extends, so far extends the field of sixfold sense-impression. Through the complete fading away and cessation of the field of sixfold sense-impression, there comes about the cessation and the coming-to-rest of the world of diffuseness (papan~ca-nirodho papan~ca-vupasamo)." The opposite term nippapan~ca is a name for Nibba^na (S. LIII), in the sense of ”freedom from samsaric diffuseness”. - Dhp. 254: "Mankind delights in the diffuseness of the world, the Perfect Ones are free from such diffuseness" (papan~ca^bhirata^ paja^, nippapan~ca tatha^gata^). - The 8th of the ”thoughts of a great man” (maha^-purisa-vitakka; A. VIII, 30) has: "This Dhamma is for one who delights in non-diffuseness (the unworldly, Nibba^na); it is not for him who delights in worldliness (papan~ca)." - For the psychological sense of ”differentiation”, see M. 18 (Madhupindika Sutta): "Whatever man conceives (vitakketi) that he differentiates (papan~ceti); and what he differentiates, by reason thereof ideas and considerations of differentiation (papan~ca-san~n~a^-sankha^) arise in him." On this text and the term papan~ca, see Dr. Kurt Schmidt in German Buddhist Writers (WHEEL 74/75) p. 61ff. - See D. 21 (Sakka”s Quest; WHEEL 10, p.
In the commentaries, we often find a threefold classification tanha^-, ditthi-, ma^na-papan~ca, which probably means the world”s diffuseness created hy craving, false views and conceit. - See M. 123; A. IV, 173; A. VI, 14, Sn. 530, 874, 916.
n~a^nananda Bhikkhu, in Concept and Reality: An Essay on Papan~ca and Papan~ca-san~n~a^-sankha^ (Kandy 1971, Buddhist Publication Society), suggests that the term refers to man”s "tendency towards proliferation in the realm of concepts" and proposes a rendering by "conceptual proliferation," which appears convincing in psychological context, e.g. in two of the texts quoted above, A. IV, 173 and M. 18. - The threefold classification of papan~ca, by way of craving, false views and conceit, is explained by the author as three aspects, or instances, of the foremost of delusive conceptualisations, the ego-concept.
Patience == 忍辱
endurance, the third Paramita. There are groups of two, three, four, five, six, ten and fourteen, indicating various forms of patience, equanimity, repression, forbearance, both in mundane and spiritual things. Patience refers to bearing insult and distress without resentment.
or forbearance (khanti): one of the 10 perfections (pa^rami^, q.v.).
For theory, practice and realization, s. pariyatti.