kusala (q.v.).
abodes (or States): brahma-viha^ra (q.v.).
(adj.), sun~n~ata^ (noun): void (ness), empty (emptiness). As a doctrinal term it refers, in Therava^da, exclusively to the anatta^ doctrine,.i.e. the unsubstantiality of all phenomena: "Void is the world ... because it is void of a self and anything belonging to a self" (sun~n~am attena va^ attaniyena va^; S. XXXV, 85); also stated of the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.) in the same text. See also M. 43, M. 106. - In CNidd. (quoted in Vis.M. XXI, 55), it is said: "Eye ... mind, visual objects ... mind-objects, visual consciousness ... mind-consciousness, corporeality ... consciousness, etc., are void of self and anything belonging to a self; void of permanency and of anything lasting, eternal or immutable.. They are coreless: without a core of permanency, or core of happiness or core of self." - In M. 121, the voiding of the mind of the cankers, in the attainment of Arahatship, is regarded as the "fully purified and incomparably highest (concept of) voidness. - See Sn. v. 1119; M. 121; M. 122 (WHEEL 87); Pts.M. II: Sun~n~a-katha^; Vis.M. XXI, 53ff.
Right: samma^-sankappa;.s. sacca, magga.
away, contemplation of the: vivattanupassana^; s. vipassana^.
is an Abh. term but already alluded to in the old sutta texts, e.g. M. 149: ”a^yatim pan~cúpa^da^nakkhandha^ upacayam gacchanti”, or in D.2: ”Ayam ka^yo ... odana-kumma^s” upacayo”.
rúpassa: ”growth of corporeality”; s. khandha I; App.
upekkha == 舍
”deliverance”, is of 2 kinds: deliverance of mind (ceto-vimutti, q.v.) and deliverance through wisdom (pan~n~a^-vimutti, q.v.).
”Deliverance of mind”, in the highest sense, is that kind of concentration (sama^dhi) which is bound up with the path of Arahatship (arahatta-magga);”deliverance through wisdom” is the knowledge (n~a^na) bound up with the fruition of Arahatship (arahatta-phala). Cf. A. V, 142.
There are also 5 kinds of deliverance, identical with the 5 kinds of overcoming (paha^na, q.v.).
image (during concentration): s. nimitta, sama^dhi, kasina.
Akushala == 恶业
Sanskrit word. It means bad Karma.
”recollection”, meditation, contemplation. The six recollections often described in the Suttas (e.g. A. VI, 10, 25; D. 33) are: (1) recollection of the Buddha, (2) his Doctrine, (3) his Community of noble disciples, (4) of morality, (5) liberality, (6) heavenly beings (buddha^nussati, dhamma^nussati, sangha^nussati, si^la^nussati, ca^ga^nussati, devata^nussati).
(1) "The noble disciple, Maha^na^ma, recollects thus: ”This Blessed One is holy, a fully Enlightened One, perfected in wisdom and conduct, faring happily, knower of the worlds, unsurpassed leader of men to be trained, teacher of heavenly beings and men, a Buddha, a Blessed One.”
(2) ”Well proclaimed by the Blessed One is the Doctrine (dhamma), directly visible, with immediate fruit, inviting investigation, leading on to Nibba^na, to be comprehended by the wise, each by himself.”
(3) ”Of good conduct is the Community (Sangha) of the Blessed One”s disciples, of upright conduct, living on the right path, performing their duties, to wit: the 4 pairs of men or 8 individuals (s. ariya puggala). This Community of the Blessed One”s disciples is worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy of gifts, worthy of reverence with raised hands, the unsurpassed field for doing meritorious deeds.”
(4) "The noble disciple further recollects his own morality (si^la) which is unbroken, without any breach, undefiled, untarnished, conducive to liberation, praised by the wise, not dependent (on craving or opinions), leading to concentration.
(5) "The noble disciple further recollects his own liberality (ca^ga) thus: ”Blessed truly am I, highly blessed am I who, amongst beings defiled with the filth of stinginess, live with heart free from stinginess, liberal, open-handed, rejoicing in giving, ready to give anything asked for, glad to give and share with others.”
(6) "The noble disciple further recollects the heavenly beings (devata^): ”There are the heavenly beings of the retinue of the Four Great Kings, the heavenly beings of the World of the Thirty-Three, the Ya^madevas ... and there are heavenly beings besides (s. deva). Such faith, such morality, such knowledge, such liberality, such insight, possessed of which those heavenly beings, after vanishing from here, are reborn in those worlds, such things are also found in me.”" (A. III,70; VI,10; XI,12).
"At the time when the noble disciple recollects the Perfect One ... at such a time his mind is neither possessed of greed, nor of hate, nor of delusion. Quite upright at such a time is his mind owing to the Perfect One ... With upright mind the noble disciple attains understanding of the sense, understanding of the law, attains joy through the law. In the joyous one rapture arises. With heart enraptured, his whole being becomes stilled. Stilled within his being, he feels happiness; and the mind of the happy one becomes firm. Of this noble disciple it is said that amongst those gone astray, he walks on the right path, among those suffering he abides free from suffering. Thus having reached the stream of the law, he develops the recollection of the Enlightened One...." (A. VI, 10).
In A. I, 21 (PTS: I, xvi) and A. I, 27 (PTS: xx. 2) another 4 recollections are added: mindfulness on death (marana-sati, q.v.), on the body (ka^yagata^-.sati, q.v.), on breathing (a^na^pa^na-sati, q.v.), and the recollection of peace (upasama^nussati, q.v.).
The first six recollections are fully explained in Vis.M. VII, the latter four in Vis.M. VIII.
Bhiksuni == 比丘尼
A nun, see also Bhiksu.
s. moha, avijja^.
This compound term is used only in the Com. The only place in the suttas where the first part, dhuta, is used in the above sense, is found in S. XIV. The names of the performers of these 13 ascetical exercises, however, are all mentioned in the suttas, but scattered here and there, for instance: pamsukúlika, a^ran~n~ika, pindapa^tika, eka^sanika, teci^varika, sapa^da^naca^ri^, sosa^nika, abhhoka^sika, nesajjika, yatha^santhatika, in M. 5, 113; A. V, 181-190, etc.; rukkhamúlika, khalupaccha^bhattika and pattapindika in A. V, 189f. etc.
(result of supermundane path): phala; s. ariyapuggala (A) .
Hui Neng == 惠能
The Sixth Patriarch of Zen (Ch”an) Sect in China.
of the body, contemplation of the: s. asubha, si^vathika^.