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utu catu hetu lust RUPA unit ASURA asura cause doubt kuppa rules STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA " beauty BHIKSU BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu course dha^tu dukkha favour groups grudge KARUNA kusala MUDITA purity RAHULA refuge sexual suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages vatthu virtue woeful a^ruppa AKUSALA akusala anusaya bhikkhu counter duggati HSU YUN HUA TOU karuna^ KUSHALA lahuta^ matured mudita^ muduta^ mundane neutral puggala pun~n~a rapture sammuti skilful sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vimutti acquired AKUSHALA anussati BHIKSUNI delusion dhutanga fruition HUI NENG impurity influxes kukkucca postures scruples sensuous sucarita suchness uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream visuddhi 空(sunya) beautiful behaviour boundless dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ ENDURANCE faculties impulsion indulging lokuttara NAGARJUNA nutriment PURE LAND SARIPUTRA SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS suffering treasures upa^da^na upa^sika^ contiguity continuity cuti citta enthusiasm equanimity foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional impurities individual inducement ka^ma guna mutability obduracies productive punabbhava puthujjana repugnance sensuality SHAKYAMUNI successive SUDDHODANA unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra yuganaddha a^po dha^tu anupassana^ corruptions cutúpapa^ta destruction dissolution foundations human world infatuation karma round kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA mano dha^tu mindfulness pure abodes samuttha^na supernormal tejo dha^tu temperature unthinkable unwholesome uprightness accumulation bahula kamma ceto vimutti covetousness dibba cakkhu FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma hate natured karma result purification purisindriya RENUNCIATION santutthita^ subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane tranquillity upa^da^ rúpa va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma viveka sukha 佛教(Buddhism) 蓝毗尼(lumbini) 三界(tridhatu) ahetuka citta akuppa dhamma anuloma citta ariya puggala BHAISAJYAGURU cakkhu dha^tu consciousness dhamma dha^tu FIVE BHIKSHUS FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu ka^mupa^da^na ka^ya lahuta^ pa^gun~n~ata^ RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca silent buddha subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES unconditioned understanding upekkhindriya vipacitan~n~u 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu ahetuka ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA anuloma n~a^na auditory organ Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati niyata puggala pacceka buddha relative truth saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava upekkha^ sukha 佛身(buddhakaya) akusala vitakka appama^na subha deluded natured dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ mental function mental obduracy no upa^da^ rúpa pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ dha^tu PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sceptical doubt SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma THREE DELUSIONS tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaya^nupassana^ 法界(dharmadhatu) 法印(dharmamudra) 极乐世界(sukhavati) 婆罗浮屠(Borobudur) anupubba nirodha anupubba viha^ra AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta^nupassana^ dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya^nupassana^ khaya^nupassana^ life infatuation monks’ community natural morality pan~n~a^ vimutti pun~n~a^ dha^ra^ round of rebirth sensuous craving sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THREE SUFFERINGS upapi^laka kamma upekkha^ vedana^ upekkhopavica^ra vikubbana^ iddhi 经量部(Sautrantike) 律经(Vinaya-sutra) 菩提伽耶(Buddhagaya) 释迦牟尼 (Sakyamuni) 四谛(catur-satyas) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ cakkhu vin~n~a^na destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY kusala kammapatha pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya paticcasamuppa^da pureja^ta paccaya rukkha mulik’anga sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma upaca^ra sama^dhi upacchedaka kamma upagha^taka kamma vedana^nupassana^ youth infatuation 迦毗罗卫(Kapilavastu) 空海(Kukai 774~835) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava corporeality group dha^tu vavattha^na domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha^nupassana^ ONE BUDDHA VEHICLE ruminating natured sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA unconscious beings upa^da^na kkhandha upanissaya paccaya vippayutta paccaya vira^ga^nupassana^ WORLD HONOURED ONE 佛所行赞(Buddhacarita) 解脱道论(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA BURNING LAMP BUDDHA counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence RIGHT UNDERSTANDING sattakkhattu parama spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ upatthambhaka kamma 大乘经(Mahayana sutra) 清净道论(Visuddhimagga) akuppa^ ceto vimutti anurakkhana padha^na five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ 龙树(Nagarjuna 约2/3世纪) 源空(Genku 1133~1212) animitta ceto vimutti anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra bhojane mattan~n~uta^ deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi nirutti patisambhida^ produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sacca^nulomika n~a^na TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS ubhato bha^ga vimutta upekkha^ sambojjhanga 朝鲜佛教(Korean Buddhism) 梵网经(Brahmajala-sutra) 觉音(Buddhaghosa 5世纪中叶) 世亲(Vasubandhu 约4或5世纪) 印度佛教(Indian Buddhism) appama^na ceto vimutti catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa n~a^nadassana visuddhi prescribed moral rules sa upa^disesa nibba^na substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance upahacca parinibba^yi^ viparina^ma^nupassana^ 长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) 中国佛教(Chinese Buddhism) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 菩提流支(Bodhiruci 约5~6世纪间) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE uddhambha^giya samyojana upapajja vedani^ya kamma verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) 尼泊尔佛教(Nepalese Buddhism) 无量寿经(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 杂阿含经(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga registering consciousness spontaneously born beings support decisive support VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) 求那跋陀罗(Gunabhadra 394~468) 增一阿含经(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含经(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) 字井伯寿(Ui Hakuju 1882~1963) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃经(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 佛陀跋陀罗(buddhabhadra 359~429) 观无量寿经(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞严经(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 南条文雄(Nanjo Bunyu 1849~1927) 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯里兰卡佛教(Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中国佛教美术(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 维摩经(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上专精(Murakami Senjo 1851~1928) 大般若经(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 铃木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法莲华经(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) 胜鬘经(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) 仰光大金塔(Mahamuni Pagoda of Rangoon) a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 东南亚佛教(Buddhism in South East Asia) 鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva 344~413,一说350~409) 高楠顺次郎(Takakusu Junjiro 1866~1945) 解深密经(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 摄大乘论(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中国佛学院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 欧美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS 般若波罗蜜多心经(Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra) FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 杂阿毗昙心论(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金刚经(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 马克斯·缪勒,F·(Friedrich Max Muller 1823~1900) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 马拉拉塞克拉,G·P·(Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899~1973) 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【109】beautiful

  sobhana  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【110】behaviour

  morality  consisting  in  good:  abhisama^ca^rikasi^la  (q.v.)  .

南传佛教英文辞典 【111】boundless

  consciousness  (and  b.  space),  Sphere  of:  s.  jha^na  5,  6.

南传佛教英文辞典 【112】dhuta^nga

  (lit.”means  of  shaking  off  (the  defilements)”);”means  of  purification”,  ascetic  or  austere  practices.  These  are  strict  observances  recommended  by  the  Buddha  to  monks  as  a  help  to  cultivate  contentedness,  renunciation,  energy  and  the  like.  One  or  more  of  them  may  be  observed  for  a  shorter  or  longer  period  of  time.
"The  monk  training  himself  in  morality  should  take  upon  himself  the  means  of  purification,  in  order  to  gain  those  virtues  through  which  the  purity  of  morality  will  become  accomplished,  to  wit:  fewness  of  needs,  contentedness,  austerity,  detachment,  energy,  moderation,  etc."  (Vis.M.  II).

Vis.M.  II  describes  13  dhutangas,  consisting  in  the  vows  of
1.  wearing  patched-up  robes:  pamsukúlik”anga,
2.  wearing  only  three  robes:  teci^varik”anga,
3.  going  for  alms:  pindapa^tik”anga,
4.  not  omitting  any  house  whilst  going  for  alms:  sapada^nikanga,
5.  eating  at  one  sitting:  eka^sanik”anga,
6.  eating  only  from  the  alms-bowl:  pattapindik”anga,
7.  refusing  all  further  food:  khalu-paccha^-bhattik”anga,
8.  living  in  the  forest:  a^ran~n~ik”anga,
9.  living  under  a  tree:  rukkha-múlik”anga,
10.  living  in  the  open  air:  abbhoka^sik”anga,
11.  living  in  a  cemetery:  susa^nik”anga,
12.  being  satisfied  with  whatever  dwelling:  yatha^-santhatik”anga,
13.  sleeping  in  the  sitting  position  (and  never  lying  down):  nesajjik”anga.

These  13  exercises  are  all,  without  exception,  mentioned  in  the  old  sutta  texts  (e.g.  M.  5,  113;  A.V.,  181-90),  but  never  together  in  one  and  the  same  place.
"Without  doubt,  o  monks,  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  live  in  the  forest  as  a  hermit,  to  collect  one”s  alms,  to  make  one”s  robes  from  picked-up  rags,  to  be  satisfied  with  three  robes"  (A.I,  30).
The  vow,  e.g.  of  No.  1,  is  taken  in  the  words:  "I  reject  robes  offered  to  me  by  householders,"  or  "I  take  upon  myself  the  vow  of  wearing  only  robes  made  from  picked-up  rags."  Some  of  the  exercises  may  also  be  observed  by  the  lay-adherent.
Here  it  may  be  mentioned  that  each  newly  ordained  monk,  immediately  after  his  being  admitted  to  the  Order,  is  advised  to  be  satisfied  with  whatever  robes,  alms-food,  dwelling  and  medicine  he  gets:  "The  life  of  the  monks  depends  on  the  collected  alms  as  food  ...  on  the  root  of  a  tree  as  dwelling  ...  on  robes  made  from  patched-up  rags  ...  on  stale  cow”s  urine  as  medicine.  May  you  train  yourself  therein  all  your  life."
Since  the  moral  quality  of  any  action  depends  entirely  upon  the  accompanying  intention  and  volition,  this  is  also  the  case  with  these  ascetic  practices,  as  is  expressly  stated  in  Vis.M.  Thus  the  mere  external  performance  is  not  the  real  exercise,  as  it  is  said  (Pug.  275-84):  "Some  one  might  be  going  for  alms;  etc.  out  of  stupidity  and  foolishness  -  or  with  evil  intention  and  filled  with  desires  -  or  out  of  insanity  and  mental  derangement  -  or  because  such  practice  had  been  praised  by  the  Noble  Ones...."  These  exercises  are,  however  properly  observed  "if  they  are  taken  up  only  for  the  sake  of  frugality,  of  contentedness,  of  purity,  etc."(App.)
On  dhutanga  practice  in  modern  Thailand,  see  With  Robes  and  Bowl,  by  Bhikkhu  Khantipalo  (WHEEL  82/83).

南传佛教英文辞典 【113】duccarita

  ”evil  conduct”,  is  threefold:  in  deeds,  words  and  thoughts.  See  kammapatha  (I).

南传佛教英文辞典 【114】dukkhata^

  (abstr.  noun  fr.  dukkha):  ”the  state  of  suffering”,  painfulness,  unpleasantness,  the  unsatisfactoriness  of  existence."There  are  three  kinds  of  suffering:  (1)  suffering  as  pain  (dukkha-dukkhata^),  (2)  the  suffering  inherent  in  the  formations  (sankha^ra-dukkhata^),  (3)  the  suffering  in  change  (viparina^ma-dukkhata^)"  (S.  XLV,  165;  D.  33).
(1)  is  the  bodily  or  mental  feeling  of  pain  as  actual]y  felt.  (2)  refers  to  the  oppressive  nature  of  all  formations  of  existence  (i.e.  all  conditioned  phenomena),  due  to  their  continual  arising  and  passing  away;  this  includes  also  experiences  associated  with  neutral  feeling.  (3)  refers  to  bodily  and  mental  pleasant  feelings,  "because  they  are  the  cause  for  the  arising  of  pain  when  they  change"  (Vis.M.  XIV,  34f).

英汉对照词典 【115】ENDURANCE

Endurance  ==  忍辱

See  Patience.

南传佛教英文辞典 【116】faculties

  indriya  (q.v.);  see  also  paccaya  16.

南传佛教英文辞典 【117】impulsion

  javana  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【118】indulging

  (in  joy,  sadness  etc.):  s.  manopavica^ra.

南传佛教英文辞典 【119】lokuttara

  ”supermundane”,  is  a  term  for  the  4  paths  and  4  fruitions  of  sota^patti,  etc.  (s.  ariya-puggala),  with  Nibba^na  as  ninth.  Hence  one  speaks  of  ”9  supermundane  things”  (nava-lokuttara-dhamma).  Cf.  prec.

英汉对照词典 【120】NAGARJUNA

Nagarjuna  ==  龙树菩萨

a  Bodhisattva  in  South  India,  born  about  800  years  after  the  Nirvana  of  Shakyamuni.  He  was  the  founder  of  Madhyamika  (Middle  Way)  and  Sunya  (emptiness).  He  had  plenty  of  writings  in  Buddhism.

南传佛教英文辞典 【121】nutriment

  s.  oja^,  a^ha^ra.  -  a^ha^ra  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.)  -  n.-  produced  corporeality;  s.  samuttha^na.

英汉对照词典 【122】PURE LAND

Pure  Land  ==  净土

generally  refers  to  the  Paradise  of  the  West,  presided  over  by  Amitabha.  Also  known  as  the  Land  of  Ultimate  Bliss.  Other  Buddhas  have  their  own  Pure  Lands.  The  Pure-Land  Sect  whose  chief  tenet  is  salvation  by  faith  in  Amitabha;  it  is  the  popular  cult  in  China  and  Japan.

英汉对照词典 【123】SARIPUTRA

Sariputra  ==  舍利弗

One  of  the  Ten  Great  Disciples  of  Shakyamuni,  noted  for  his  wisdom  and  learning.  He  was  also  the  right-hand  attendant  on  Shakyamuni.  He  figures  prominently  in  certain  sutras.  He  is  represented  as  standing  with  Maudgalyayana  by  the  Buddha  when  entering  Nirvana.  He  is  to  reappear  as  Padmaprabha  Buddha.

英汉对照词典 【124】SIX DUSTS

Six  Dusts  ==  六尘

see  Six  Gunas.

英汉对照词典 【125】SIX GUNAS

Six  Gunas  ==  六尘

or  Six  External  Bases,  or  Six  Dusts.  They  are  sight,  sound,  scent/smell,  taste,  tangibles/touch  and  dharma/idea.  They  are  the  qualities  produced  by  the  objects  and  organs  of  sense.

南传佛教英文辞典 【126】suffering

  For  the  4  Truths  of  suffering,  s.  sacca;  further  s.  ti-lakkhana.

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