(or regenerative) karma; s. karma.
lit.: re-becoming;”renewed existence”, is a sutta term for ”rebirth”, which, in later literature mostly is called patisandhi (q.v.). The attainment of Sainthood (arahatta), implying the end of future rebirths, is often expressed in the words: "This is the last birth. Now there is no more a renewed existence!" (natthi ”da^ni punabbhavo) (M. 26; D. 15; Therag. 87, 339; Sn. 502). - The term is often linked with abhinibbatti (”arising”).
"But how, o brother, does it come to renewed existence and arising in the future (a^yatim punabbhava^bhinibbatti)? Because beings, obstructed by ignorance and fettered by craving, find ever fresh delight now here, now there, for this reason there is renewed existence and arising in the future" (M. 43). See also S.XII. 38. Abhinibbatti also stands sometimes alone in signifying ”rebirth”, e.g. in A. VI, 61; X, 65.
Cf., in the 2nd Truth, the adj. ponobhavika, ”leading to renewed existence”.
See A. III, 76; Sn. 163, 273, 514, 733; S. VII, 12; X, 3.
lit.: ”one of the many folk”, ”worldling”, ordinary man, is any layman or monk who is still possessed of all the 10 fetters (samyojana, q.v.) binding to the round of rebirths, and therefore has not yet reached any of the 4 stages of holiness (s. ariya-puggala).
"Whoso is neither freed from the 3 fetters (personality-belief, sceptical doubt, attachment to mere rule and ritual), nor is on the way to lose these 3 things, such a one is called a worlding" (Pug. 9).
According to Com. to M. 9, a ”worlding” may be (1) an outsider (a non-Buddhist) who, if he believed in moral causation, may be said to have right view to that extent; but he has not the ”knowledge conforming to the Truths” (sacca^nulomika-n~a^na), as has (2) the ”worldling inside the Buddha”s Dispensation” (sa^sanika). A worlding who professes Buddhism, may be either a ”blind worldling” (andha-p.) who has neither knowledge of, nor interest in the fundamental teaching (the Truths, groups, etc.); or he is a ”noble worldling” (kalya^na-p.), who has such knowledge and earnestly strives to understand and practise the Teaching. - See Atthasa^lini Tr. II, 451 (tr. by ”average man”); Com. to M. 1, D. 1.
patigha (q.v.).
(subj.& obj.): ka^ma (q.v.).
Shakyamuni == 释迦牟尼
the founder of Buddhism. He was born as the Prince of Sakyans, and was called Siddhartha Goutama. At the age of 35, he attained the supreme Enlightenment and became the Buddha and was the called Shakyamuni. The word means "capability and kindness".
births, karma ripening in: s. karma.
Suddhodana == 净饭王
Pure Rice Prince, the father of Shakyamuni, ruled over the Sakyans at Kapilaratthu on the Nepalese border.
unprompted: s. asankha^rika-citta.
one, the: akuppa-dhamma (q.v.).
”impurities”, corruptions, imperfections (a frequent rendering by ”defilements” is better reserved for kilesa, q.v.).
A list of 16 moral ”impurities of the mind” (cittassa upakkilesa) is mentioned and explained in M. 7 & 8 (WHEEI. 61/62): 1. covetousness and unrighteous greed (abhijjha^-visamalobha), 2. ill will (vya^pa^da), 3. anger (kodha), 4. hostility (upana^ha), 5. denigration (makkha), 6. domineering (pala^sa), 7. envy (issa^), 8. stinginess (macchariya), 9. hypocrisy (ma^ya^), 10. fraud (sa^theyya), 11. obstinacy (thambha), 12. presumption (sa^rambha), 13. conceit (ma^na), 14. arrogance (atima^na), 15. vanity (mada), 16. negligence (pama^da).
There are 3 groups of upakkilesa pertaining to meditation:
(a) 9 mental imperfections occurring in ”one devoted to higher mental training” (adhicitta); 3 coarse ones - evil conduct in deeds, words and thoughts; 3 medium - thoughts of sensual desire, ill will and cruelty; 3 subtle - thoughts about one”s relatives, one”s country and one”s reputation (A. III, 100).
(b) 18 imperfections in the practice of mindfulness of breathing (a^na^pa^na-sati, q.v.), mentioned in Pts.M., a^na^pa^na-katha^ (tr. in Mindfulness of Breathing, by n~a^namoli Thera (p. 60; BPS).
(c) 10 ”imperfections of insight” (-meditation, vipassanúpakkilesa); s. visuddhi V.
s. manopavica^ra.
s. samatha-vipassana^, last paragraph.
”water-element”; s. dha^tu.
”contemplation” - 4 fold: s. satipattha^na - 18 fold: s. vipassana^. - 7 fold: "The seven contemplation”s: (1) Contemplating (formations) as impermanent, one abandons the perception of permanence. (2) Contemplating (them) as painful, one abandons the perception of happiness (to be found in them). (3) Contemplating (them) as not self, one abandons the perception of self. (4) Becoming dispassionate, one abandons delighting. (5) Causing fading away, one abandons greed. (6) Causing cessation, one abandons originating. (7) Relinquishing, one abandons grasping" (Pts.M. I, p. 58). - See also Vis.M. XXI, 43; XXII, 114.
s. upakkilesa.
n~a^na the ”knowledge of the vanishing and reappearing” (of beings) is identical with the divine eye; s. abhin~n~a^.
overcoming, or liberation from, evil things through their d.; samuccheda-paha^na or samuccheda-vimutti; s. paha^na.