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catu CHAN chie once ca^ga cakka cause chaos citta kicca nicca sacca space access action ANICCA anicca Avi^ci cakkhu carana carita chanda change course escape object picked trance va^ca^ absence avacara cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline factors miccha^ miracle paccaya patched perfect Preface upacaya vica^ra acquired ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding dogmatic kin~cana kukkucca papan~ca PATIENCE patience practice reaction scruples sucarita suchness uddhacca upaca^ra acinteyya adherence adhicitta cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice duccarita ENDURANCE existence faculties IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy micchatta obstacles advertence analytical compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment elasticity EXTINCTION extinction functional hindrances inducement low speech macchariya obduracies overcoming permanency productive reflection repugnance SIX PLACES successive tendencies upavica^ra appicchata^ ariya sacca association attachments chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta deliverance destruction dosa carita forbearance intoxicants mind object nippapan~ca perfections performance proficiency RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara san~cetana^ vaci^ kamma vicikiccha^ accumulation arúpa^vacara ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka dibba cakkhu dissociation impermanence inclinations intoxicating ka^ma^vacara lobha carita non violence pan~ca si^la predominance proclivities purification ra^ga carita recollectons RENUNCIATION RIGHT ACTION RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na subconscious twin miracle ahetuka citta anuloma citta atthi paccaya birth process brahma cariya cakkhu dha^tu companionship comprehension concentration consciousness CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness disappearance FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE VEHICLES imperfections ka^ma cchanda kamma paccaya karma process magga paccaya manopavica^ra mental action pacceka bodhi post nascence sammuti sacca SIX ENTRANCES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned verbal action vijja^ carana vipacitan~n~u voha^ra sacca altruistic joy chal abhin~n~o citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi natthi paccaya pacceka buddha path condition sahetuka citta samudaya sacca TEN DIRECTIONS uccheda ditthi vigata paccaya visible object 瑜伽行派(Yogacara) anicca san~n~a^ avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana chal abhin~n~a^ characteristics citta sankha^ra indriya paccaya mental function mental obduracy nihilistic view nissaya paccaya olfactory organ sankhitta citta sceptical doubt self confidence TAKING PRECEPTS THREE OBSTACLES vaci^ sankha^ra vipa^ka paccaya vitakka vica^ra 五明(panca-vidya) a^sevana paccaya adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series equality conceit mano san~cetana^ monks’ community santi^rana citta sensuous craving te ci^varik’anga tiraccha^na yoni upekkhopavica^ra vaci^ vin~n~atti vin~n~a^na kicca votthapana citta 四谛(catur-satyas) a^cin!n!aka kamma anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight cakkhu vin~n~a^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS ineffective karma mental advertence non disappearance paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya sensuous clinging SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER upaca^ra sama^dhi upacchedaka kamma yoga^vacara yogi 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) asankha^rika citta catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta karma accumulation meritorious action ONE BUDDHA VEHICLE reflex perceptions sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification somanassúpavica^ra tada^rammana citta tiraccha^na katha^ unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence yoga^vacara = yogi 佛所行赞(Buddhacarita) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五种姓(panca-gotrani) 圆珍(Enchin 814~891) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) alcohol prohibition analytical doctrine counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking gradual instruction inferiority conceit lofty consciousness one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT CONCENTRATION samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta spiritual faculties superiority conceit 月官(Candragomin约7世纪) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness inference of meaning ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra niyata miccha^ditthi paccavekkhana n~a^na paccavekkhana suddhi paccha^ja^ta paccaya pan~ca voka^ra bhava pan~cadva^ra^vajjana regenerating process UNCONDITIONED DHARMA a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti corporeality and mind deluded consciousness germinating once more mind and corporeality pan~ca dva^ra^vajjana produced corporeality sacca^nulomika n~a^na THREE CLASSIFICATIONS transference of merit vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana abhisama^ca^rika si^la an~n~a^man~n~a paccaya appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance doctrine of the Buddha FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence unshakable deliverance upahacca parinibba^yi^ 中国佛教(Chinese Buddhism) catu dha^tu vavattha^na FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 菩提流支(Bodhiruci 约5~6世纪间) 月称(Candrakirti 约7世纪中叶) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina reflecting contemplation sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) avoidance and performance hate rooted consciousness registering consciousness support decisive support 摩诃菩提会(Maha Bodhi Society) 日莲(Nichiren 1222~1282) a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga mind consciousness element parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality thought thought conception 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS 中国佛教美术(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 解深密经(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 中国佛学院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 达斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 欧美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) 师觉月(Prabodhi Chandra Bagachi ?~1956) FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金刚经(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 异部宗轮论(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 马克斯·缪勒,F·(Friedrich Max Muller 1823~1900) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) ▲ 收起
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南传佛教英文辞典 【1】Preface

Buddhist  Dictionary
Manual  of  Buddhist  Terms  and  Doctrines,  by  NYANATILOKA
Fourth  Revised  Edition,  edited  by  Nyanaponika  
Buddhist  Publication  Society  
P.  O.  Box  61  
54,  Sangharaja  Mawatha  
Kandy,  Sri  Lanka  
  
First  Edition  1952  
Second  Revised  Edition  1956  
Third  Revised  &  Enlarged  Edition  1972  
(Pub.  by  Frewin  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Colombo)  
Fourth  Revised  Edition  1980  
(Buddhist  Publication  Society)  
Reprinted  1988  
  
1980  by  Buddhist  
Publication  Society  
ISBN  -  955  -  24  -  0019  -  8  

From  The  Preface  To  The  First  Edition

As  a  first  attempt  of  an  authentic  dictionary  of  Buddhist  doctrinal  terms,  used  in  the  Páli  Canon  and  its  Commentaries,  this  present  manual  will  fill  a  real  gap  felt  by  many  students  of  Buddhism.  It  provides  the  reader  not  with  a  mere  superficial  enumeration  of  important  Páli  terms  and  their  English  equivalents,  but  offers  him  precise  and  authentic  definitions  and  explanations  of  canonical  and  post-canonical  terms  and  doctrines,  based  on  Sutta,  Abhidhamma  and  Commentaries,  and  illustrated  by  numerous  quotations  taken  from  these  sources,  so  that,  if  anyone  wishes,  he  could,  by  intelligently  joining  together  the  different  articles,  produce  without  difficulty  a  complete  exposition  of  the  entire  teachings  of  Buddhism.

As  already  pointed  out  by  the  author  in  the  preface  to  his  Guide  through  the  Abhidhamma-Pitaka  (Colombo  1938),  there  are  found  in  the  Abhidhamma  Canon  numerous  technical  terms  not  met  with  in  the  Sutta  Canon;  and  again  other  terms  are  found  only  in  the  Commentaries  and  not  in  Sutta  and  Abhidhamma.  The  author  therefore  has  made  a  first  attempt  -  without,  however,  laying  any  claim  to  absolute  reliability  or  completeness  in  this  by  no  means  easy  undertaking  -  to  indicate  in  the  Appendix  all  the  terms  that  in  the  oldest  Sutta  texts  are  either  not  found  at  all,  or  at  least  not  in  the  same  form  or  meaning,  and  to  set  forth  how  far  these  are  deviations  from  the  older  texts,  or  further  developments.

In  this  connection,  the  author  wishes  to  state  that  the  often  quoted  Patisambhidá-Magga,  as  well  as  Niddesa,  Buddhavamsa  and  Cariyapitaka,  though  included  in  the  Khuddaka  Nikáya  of  the  Sutta  Pitaka,  nevertheless  bear  throughout  the  character  of  Commentaries,  and  though  apparently  older  than  the  Sutta  Commentaries  handed  down  to  us  in  Buddhaghosa”s  version,  must  doubtless  belong  to  a  later  period  of  origin  than  the  Abhidhamma  Canon.

In  rendering  the  terms  into  English,  I  often  had  to  differ  considerably  from  the  interpretation  of  Western  scholars,  and  to  introduce  quite  new  words.  A  great  number  of  such  earlier  translations  must  be  considered  partly  as  totally  incorrect,  partly  as  misleading,  or  at  the  very  least  ambiguous.  Incorrect  are,  for  instance,  the  English  renderings  of  náma-rúpa  by  ”name  and  form”;  javana  (impulsion,  i.e.  the  karmic  impulsive  moments)  by  ”apperception”,  etc.

The  expositions  concerning  the  true  nature  of  the  8-fold  Path,  the  4  Noble  Truths,  the  paticca-samuppáda  and  the  5  groups  of  existence  -  doctrines  which,  with  regard  to  their  true  nature,  have  been  often  misunderstood  by  Western  authors  -  are  sure  to  come  to  many  as  a  revelation.

On  the  doctrine  of  anattá,  or  ”egolessness”,  i.e.  the  impersonality  and  emptiness  of  all  phenomena  of  existence,  the  author  repeatedly  felt  the  necessity  of  throwing  light  from  every  possible  point  of  view,  for  it  is  exactly  this  doctrine  which,  together  with  the  doctrine  of  the  conditionality  of  all  phenomena  of  existence,  constitutes  the  very  essence  of  the  whole  Teaching  of  the  Buddha  without  which  it  will  be  by  no  means  possible  to  understand  it  in  its  true  light.  Thus  the  doctrine  of  impersonality  runs  like  a  red  thread  right  through  the  whole  book.

May  this  little  manual  provide  an  ever-helpful  companion  and  vade  mecum  to  all  earnest  students  in  their  study  of  the  original  Buddhist  scriptures,  and  also  give  to  Buddhist  authors  and  lecturers  the  opportunity  of  supplementing  and  deepening  their  knowledge  of  the  profound  teachings  of  the  Buddha!
Should  it,  for  a  better  understanding,  prove  necessary  to  give  to  certain  subjects  a  more  detailed  treatment,  the  carrying  out  of  this  task  may  be  reserved  for  a  later  edition  of  this  work.

NYANATILOKA  
Central  Internment  Camp  
Dehra-Dun,  India  
28-8-1946  

Editor”s  Preface  To  The  Third  Edition

The  present  revised  and  enlarged  Third  Edition  was  intended  to  be  issued  in  commemoration  of  the  tenth  anniversary  of  the  venerable  author”s  passing  away  on  28th  May  1957.  But  due  to  unavoidable  circumstances  the  publication  had  to  be  delayed.

It  was  the  venerable  author”s  wish  to  enlarge  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  but  when  a  second  edition  became  necessary,  he  was  prevented  from  expanding  it  by  the  illness  to  which  he  later  succumbed.  It  rested,  therefore,  with  his  pupil,  the  present  editor,  to  make,  within  the  original  scope  and  character  of  the  work,  such  additions  and  revisions  as  seemed  useful.

Over  seventy  articles  have  been  expanded  and  partly  rewritten;  others  were  slightly  revised;  more  source  references  were  included,  and  information  on  literature  for  further  study  of  the  respective  subjects  was  added  to  some  of  the  articles.  But  only  very  few  new  words  have  been  added  (e.g.  anupassaná,  ánupubbi-kathá,  etc.).  This  restriction  was  observed  because  the  venerable  author  himself  thought  only  of  ”a  more  detailed  treatment”  of  existing  articles  (see  Preface  to  the  1st  ed.)  as  he  obviously  wished  to  preserve  the  original  form  and  character  of  the  book.  It  was  also  considered  that  the  adding  of  more  words  such  as  those  coined  in  later  commentarial  and  abhidhammic  literature,  would  be  superfluous  as  in  the  English  language  such  terms  will  generally  be  found  only  in  a  few  scholarly  books  and  translations  which  themselves  give  the  explanations  needed.

This  book  is  chiefly  intended  for  those  who  study  the  Buddhist  teachings  through  the  medium  of  the  English  language,  but  wish  to  familiarize  themselves  with  some  of  the  original  Páli  terms  of  doctrinal  import.  They  are  in  the  same  position  as  a  student  of  philosophy  or  science  who  has  to  know  the  terminology  of  his  field,  which  for  common  parlance  is  mostly  not  less  ”unfamiliar”  than  are  the  words  of  the  Páli  language  found  in  the  Dictionary.

Such  acquaintance  with  the  Páli  terms  of  the  original  texts  will  also  be  useful  to  the  student  for  the  purpose  of  identifying  the  various  renderings  of  them  favored  by  different  translators.  It  is  deplorable  that  there  is  a  considerable  multiplication  of  new  English  coining  for  the  same  doctrinal  term.  This  great  variety  of  renderings  has  proved  to  be  confusing  to  those  students  of  Buddhism  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  Páli  language.  Even  at  this  late  stage  when  many  translations  of  Páli  texts  are  in  print,  it  will  be  desirable  if,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  translators  forgo  their  preference  for  their  own  coining,  even  if  they  think  them  better  than  others.  In  any  case,  doctrinal  terms  have  to  be  known  by  definition,  just  as  in  the  case  of  philosophical  and  technical  terms  in  a  Western  language.

As  a  small  help  in  the  situation  described,  a  number  of  alternative  renderings  used  by  other  translators  have  been  included  in  some  articles  of  this  edition.  In  a  very  few  cases,  unacceptable  though  familiar  renderings  have  been  bracketed.  The  Venerable  Nyanatiloka”s  own  preferences  have  been  placed  in  inverted  commas.  Generally  it  may  be  said  that  his  renderings,  based  on  his  comprehensive  knowledge  of  texts  and  doctrine,  are  very  sound  and  adequate.  Only  in  a  very  few  cases  has  the  editor  changed  the  author”s  preferred  rendering  e.g.”canker”  for  ásava  (instead  of  ”bias”),  ”right  view”  for  sammá-ditthi  (instead  of  ”right  understanding”).  The  latter  change  was  made  for  the  sake  of  economizing  with  the  few  English  equivalents  for  the  numerous  Páli  synonyms  for  ”knowing”,  etc.;  and  also  to  avoid  having  to  render  the  opposite  term,  micchá-ditthi,  by  ”wrong  understanding”.
This  Dictionary  appeared  also  in  the  author”s  own  German  version  (published  by  Verlag  Christiani,  Konstanz,  Germany)  and  in  a  French  translation  made  by  the  late  Mme  Suzanne  Karpeles  (published  by  ”Adyar”,  Paris,  1961).

NYANAPONIKA  
Kandy,  Ceylon  
February  1970  

Only  few  and  minor  revisions  have  been  made  to  the  text  of  the  Fourth  Edition  which  is  now  issued  by  the  Buddhist  Publication  Society.
NYANAPONIKA  
Kandy,  Sri  Lanka  
March  1980

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