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什么是ka^ma?ka^ma是什么意思?

在、南传佛教英文辞典中都找到了“什么是ka^ma”在不同出处下的解释,请查阅下面的答案。
【南传佛教英文辞典】对“什么是ka^ma”的解释

  Vatthu-k.  and  kilesa-k.  are  probably  found  for  the  first  time  in  MNid.  1.  They  correspond  to  the  pan~ca  ka^maguna^  (cakkhu-vin~n~eyya^  rúpa^,  etc.)  and  ka^ma-ra^ga  in  the  older  sutta  texts  (e.g  A.  VI,  68).

【南传佛教英文辞典】对“什么是ka^ma”的解释

  may  denote:  1.  subjective  sensuality,  ”sense-desire”;  2.  objective  sensuality,  the  five  sense-objects.
1.  Subjective  sensuality,  or  sense-desire,  is  directed  to  all  five  sense-objects,  and  is  synonymous  with  ka^ma-cchanda,  ”sensuous  desire”,  one  of  the  5  hindrances  (ni^varana,  q.v.);  ka^ma-ra^ga,  sensuous  lust”,  one  of  the  ten  fetters  (samyojana,  q.v.);  ka^ma-tanha^,  ”sensuous  craving”,  one  of  the  3  cravings  (tanha^,  q.v.);  ka^ma-vitakka,  ”sensuous  thought”,  one  of  the  3  wrong  thoughts  (miccha^-sankappa;  s.  vitakka).  -  Sense-desire  is  also  one  of  the  cankers  (a^sava,  q.v.)  and  clingings  (upa^da^na,  q.v.).
2.  Objective  sensuality  is,  in  the  canonical  texts,  mostly  called  ka^ma-guna,  ”cords  (or  strands)  of  sensuality”.
"There  are  5  cords  of  sensuality:  the  visible  objects,  cognizable  by  eye-consciousness,  that  are  desirable,  cherished,  pleasant,  lovely,  sensuous  and  alluring;  the  sounds  ...  smells  ...  tastes  ...  bodily  impressions  cognizable  by  body-consciousness,  that  are  desirable  ...."  (D.  33;  M.  13,  26,  59,  66).
These  two  kinds  of  ka^ma  are  called  1.  kilesa-ka^ma,  i.e.  ka^ma  as  a  mental  defilement,  2.  vatthu-ka^ma,  i.e.  ka^ma  as  the  object-base  of  sensuality;  first  in  MNid..  I,  p.  1,  and  frequently  in  the  commentaries.
Sense-desire  is  finally  eliminated  at  the  stage  of  the  Non-Returner  (Ana^ga^mi;  s.  ariya-puggala,  samyojana).
The  peril  and  misery  of  sense-desire  is  often  described  in  the  texts,  e.g.  in  stirring  similes  at  M.  22,  54,  and  in  the  ”gradual  instruction”  (s.  a^nupubbi^-katha^).  See  further  M.  13,  45,  75;  Sn.  v.  766ff.;  Dhp.  186,  215.
The  texts  often  stress  the  fact  that  what  fetters  man  to  the  world  of  the  senses  are  not  the  sense-organs  nor  the  sense-objects  but  lustful  desire  (chandara^ga).  On  this  see  A.  VI,  63;  S.  XXXV,  122,  191.  -  (App.).

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