..续本文上一页ghest and most sacred conception in Indian thought, and in it the Buddha includes parents. So in good Buddhist families at the present time children literally ”worship” their parents every day, morning and evening. They have to perform certain duties towards their parents according to the ”noble discipline”: they should look after their parents in their old age; should do whatever they have to do on their behalf; should maintain the honour of the family and continue the family tradition; should protect the wealth earned by their parents; and perform their funeral rites after their death. Parents, in their turn, have certain responsibilities towards their children: they should keep their children away from evil courses; should engage them in good and profitable activities; should give them a good education; should marry them into good families; and should hand over the property to them in due course.
第一：父母是神圣的。佛说：“父母就叫做梵摩。”“梵摩”这一名词在印度人的心目中，代表的是最高、最神圣的观念，而佛却将双亲也包括在这里面。因此，在现今良好的佛教家庭中，儿童们对于家长每天朝夕都要各礼拜乙次。他们必须根据圣律对双亲尽某些职分，诸如：在双亲年老时负起扶养之责；代表双亲尽他们应尽的本分；保持家庭传统于不坠而且光大门楣；守护双亲辛苦积聚的财富勿令散失；于他们死后遵礼成服，妥为殡殓。轮到了父母，他们对子女也有某种责任：应避免子女堕入恶道，教令从事有益的活动，予以良好之教育，为他们从良好的家庭中择配，并于适当时机以家财付与。
Second: The relation between teacher and pupil: a pupil should respect and be obedient to his teacher; should attend to his needs if any; should study earnestly. And the teacher, in his turn, should train and shape his pupil properly; should teach him well; should introduce him to his friends; and should try to procure him security or employment when his education is over.
第二：师弟关系。弟子对师长必须恭敬服从，师有所需必须设法供应，并应努力学习。另一方面，老师必须善为训练弟子，使成良好模范；应当谆谆善诱，并为他介绍朋友；卒业之后更应为他谋职，以保障他生活的安定。
Third: The relation between husband and wife: love between husband and wife is considered almost religious or sacred. It is called sadāra-Brahmacariya ”sacred family life”. Here, too, the significance of the term Brahma should be noted: the highest respect is given to this relationship. Wives and husband should be faithful, respectful and devoted to each other, and they have certain duties towards each other: the husband should always honour his wife and never wanting in respect to her; he should love her and be faithful to her; should secure her position and comfort; and should please her by presenting her with clothing and jewellery. (The fact that the Buddha did not forget to mention even such a thing as the gifts a husband should make to his wife shows how understanding and sympathetic were his humane feelings towards ordinary human emotions). The fire, in her turn, should supervise and look after household affairs; should entertain guests, visitors, friends, relatives and employees; should love and be faithful to her husband; should protect his earnings; should be clever and energetic in all activities.
第三：夫妇关系。夫妇之爱，也被视为几乎是宗教性而神圣的，这种关系，叫做“神圣的家庭生活(居家梵行)”。
这里面“梵”字的意义又是值得注意的；就是说，这种关系也是应当付予最高敬意的。夫妇应当彼此忠实、互敬互谅，向对方尽其应尽之义务。丈夫应当礼遇其妻，决不可对她不敬。他应当爱她，对她忠实，巩固她的地位，使她安适，并赠以衣饰珠宝，以博取她的欢心。(佛甚至不忘提醒丈夫应以礼物赠与妻子，足见他对凡夫的情感是何等了解、同情而具有人情味。)轮到妻子的时候，她应当照顾家务，接待宾客、亲友和受雇的佣工；对丈夫爱护、忠实、守护他的收入，并在一切活动中保持机智与精勤。
Fourth: The relation between friends, relatives and neighbours: they should be hospitable and charitable to one another; should speak pleasantly and agreeably; should work for each others” welfare; should be on equal terms with one another; should not quarrel among themselves; should help each other in need; and should not forsake each other in difficulty.
第四：亲邻关系。对于亲友邻居彼此之间均应殷勤款待，宽大慈惠。交谈时应当态度愉快，谈吐优雅。应为彼此之福祉而努力，并应平等相待，不可诤论。遇有所需，应互为周济，危难不相背弃。
Fifth: The relation between master and servant: the master or the employer has several obligations towards his servant or his employee: work should be assigned according to ability and capacity; adequate wages should be paid; medical needs should be provided; occasional donations or bo…
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