..续本文上一页这第一圣谛，是极为重要的。因为佛说：“凡是真正见到苦的，也必见到苦的生起，也必见到苦的止息，也必见到导致苦的止息之道。”﹝注三十﹞

　　This does not at all make the life of a Buddhist melancholy or sorrowful, as some people wrongly imagine. On the contrary, a true Buddhist is the happiest of beings. He has no fears or anxieties. He is always calm and serene, and cannot be upset or dismayed by changes or calamities, because he sees things as they are. The Buddha was never melancholy or gloomy. He was described by his contemporaries as ”ever-smiling” (mihitapubbamgama). In Buddhist painting and sculpture the Buddha is always represented with a countenance happy, serene, contented and compassionate. Never a trace of suffering or agony or pain is to be seen. [29] Buddhist art and architecture, Buddhist temples never give the impression of gloom or sorrow, but produce an atmosphere of calm and serene joy.

　　有些人以为这将使得佛教徒的生活忧郁而悲哀。这是错误的想像。其实丝毫不然。相反的，真正的佛教徒，是个最开心不过的人。他既无畏怖，也没有烦愁。他是宁静安详，不为灾变所恼乱沮丧，因为他能如实洞见一切事物。从不抑郁不乐。与佛同时的人，将他描述为“经常微笑著。”在佛教的绘画与塑像里，佛的容颜，永远是快乐、宁静、满足而慈悲的，决看不到有一丝受难或痛苦的痕迹。﹝注三十一﹞佛教艺术和建筑，佛教的寺院，从来不曾予人以阴森苦恼的印象，只有产生宁静安详的喜悦气氛。

　　Although there is suffering in life, a Buddhist should not be gloomy over it, should not be angry or impatient at it. One of the principal evils in life, according to Buddhism, is ”repugnance” or hatred. Repugnance (pratigha) is explained as ”ill-will with regard to living beings, with regard to suffering and with regard to things pertaining to suffering. Its function is to produce a basis for unhappy states and bad conduct.” [30] Thus it is wrong to be impatient at suffering. Being impatient or angry at suffering does not remove it. On the contrary, it adds a little more to one”s trouble, and aggravates and exacerbates a situation already disagreeable. What is necessary is not anger or impatience, but the understanding of the question of suffering, how it comes about, and how to get rid of it, and then to work accordingly with patience, intelligence, determination and energy.

　　虽然世间有苦难，佛教徒却不该因之而郁郁寡欢，也不应为它生嗔而失去耐性。照佛教的说法，嗔或恨是人生首恶之一。嗔是“对众生、苦难或与苦难有关的事物起不善欲。”它的功能，是为不快的心境及不良的行为奠下基础。﹝注三十二﹞因此，不能忍受苦难是错的。对苦难不耐烦或生恨，并不能蠲除苦难。反之，它只有更替你增加困扰，而使得不顺利的逆境更趋恶化与可恼。对苦难问题必须要有了解，不该对它愤怒不耐。要明白它如何生起？如何消除？然后以坚忍、睿智、决心与精进依法实行，以袪除它。

　　There are two ancient Buddhist texts called the Therigāthā which are full of the joyful utterances of the Buddha”s disciples, both male and female, who found peace and happiness in life through his teaching. The king of Kosala once told the Buddha that unlike many a disciple of other religious systems who looked haggard, coarse, pale, emaciated and unprepossessing, his disciples were ”joyful and elated (hattha-pahattha), jubilant and exultant (udaggudagga), enjoying the spiritual life (abhiratarūpa), with faculties pleased (pinitindriya), free from anxiety (appossukka) serene (pannaloma), peaceful (paradavutta) and living with a gazelle”s mind (migabhūtena cetasā), i.e., light-hearted.” The king added that he believed that this healthy disposition was due to the fact that ”these venerable ones had certainly realized the great and full significance of the Blessed One”s teaching.” [31]

　　有两部古老的佛典叫做《长老歌》与《长老尼歌》，其中充满了男女佛弟子的快乐心声；他们在佛的教诫中，找到了人生的平安与快乐。憍萨罗国的国王，有一次告诉佛说，佛的弟子们全不像其它宗教的信徒那样形容枯槁、粗劣苍白、消瘦孱弱、神情猥琐。佛的弟子们“欢欣鼓舞、意志昂扬、诸根怡悦、无所忧怖、宁静和平、心情愉快一如瞪羚，享受著精神生活的快乐。”国王又说，他相信这种健全的气质是因为“这些可敬的人，一定都已亲身证道世尊所说法的重大而圆满的意义。”﹝注三十三﹞

　　Buddhism is quite opposed to be melancholic, sorrowful, penitent and gloomy attitude of mind which is considered a hindrance to the realization of Truth. On the other hand, it is interesting to remember here that joy (piti) is one of the seven be cultivated for the realization of Nirvānā. [32]

　　佛教最反对愁惨、苦恼、悔罪、郁闷等心理状态，认为这些都是体证真理的障碍。在另一方面，尤须记得“喜”是七觉支之一，为证见涅槃所必须培养的一种主要德性。﹝注三十四﹞

　　[1] Dhammacakkappavattana-sutta ”Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth”. Mhvg. (Alutgama, 1922), p. 9 ff; S V …

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