..续本文上一页by themselves do not really exist.

　　 声音概念法(语言文字)如果所指的是直接可以经历的真实现象，那麽它可以是真实概念。非真实概念是那些不能直指真实法的概念，它们所指的是别的自身并不真实存在的概念或想法。

　　 As words combine with words, further concepts build up and can be the combination of real and unreal concepts. Example: The word “mind” is a real concept as it refers to mental phenomena that can be directly experienced without conceptualization.

　　 字词和字词组合会构建出更多概念法，而且可能是真实概念和非真实概念的组合。例如，“心”这个字是真实概念，因为它所指的精神现象是可以被直接经历而无需概念化。

　　 The word “man” is an unreal concept because it refers to something that cannot be directly experienced without conceptualization. Some words may have both—eg patient who may refer to a sick person (unreal) or a tolerant mental state (real).

　　 “人”这个字是非真实概念法，因为它所指的东西不概念化就无法直接体认。有些字可能兼具二者，如英文的patient，可以指一个病人(非真实概念)或者一种忍耐的心态(真实概念)。

　　 In meditation we use them (real concepts) as labels to help us recognise realities. Words and labels should not be grasped at in meditation. One should instead try to understand what is meant to be experienced.

　　 在禅修中我们使用概念(真实概念)作标记以助我们认知真实法。禅修中不应当执着文字和标记，而应当懂得文字所指的应该亲历的内容。

　　 2 Form, shape and distance

　　 2.体形、形状和距离

　　 These concepts make up the two-dimensional and three dimensional world.

　　 这些概念构成二维和三维世 界。

　　 If you study the television screen, the picture is made up of electron lights shooting at a great speed from the tube within. They arise and pass too fast for one to really know what is actually happening. What the mind grasps (too slowly) is a general play of colours which form shapes and so give us ideas. They occur so fast that they seem to occur at the same time.

　　 如果你研究电视屏幕，就会知道电视图像是由从电视里阴极管射出来的高速电子形成的光点所构成的。这些光点生灭太快，人实际上难于看清实际发生的情况。而我们(过慢)的心识能够捕捉的只是一个总体的色彩显示，这些色彩形成各种形状并让我产生各种想法。它们发生得太快了以至于看起来象同时发生的。

　　 3 Directional Concepts (Disa Paññatti)

　　 3.方向概念

　　 These are concepts corresponding to directions, relationship of one thing to another eg east, west, right, left, above, below, inwards, outwards, sideways, upwards, and downwards.

　　 这些是和各种方向相对应的概念，显示一个东西和另一个东西之间的关系，如东、西、左、右、上、下、向内、向外、向旁、向上、向下。

　　 4 Time Concepts (Kala Paññatti)

　　 4. 时间概念

　　 The Time concept is built upon ideas concerning the recurrent and consecutive occurrence of material and mental phenomena. Materially, they involve light and darkness (as in day or night), physical state of body (as in old and young) and so on.

　　 对色法和心法的重复发生和相续发生的认识，是建立时间概念的基础。就色法而言，时间概念涉及诸如光明与黑暗(如白天与夜晚的更替)，身体的状态(如衰老与年轻的变化)，等等。

　　 Mentally, they involve mental activities and functions such as sleeping time, working time, and so on.

　　 就心法而言，时间概念涉及各种心理活动和作用，诸如睡多少时间、工作多少时间，等等。

　　 Although we should have a general timetable or routine to guide our practice, we need not follow it blindly. Adjustments can be made if it is unsuitable. In groups, sometimes one”s own welfare has to be sacrificed if benefit is meant for the welfare of the group.

　　 尽管我们需要一个大致的时间表或流程来指导我们的禅修，但我们不必盲目地跟从这个时间表。如果不合适可以作调整。在团体中，有时为了整体的利益需要牺牲个人的利益。

　　 5 Collective Concepts (Samuha Paññatti)

　　 集合概念

　　 These correspond to groups or collections of things, eg a class, a race, a car, a city, group interviews, group meditation etc.

　　 这些概念对应一些事物的群组或集合，例如一个班、一个种族、一个城市、集体面谈、集体禅修，等等。

　　 6 Space Concepts (Akasa Paññatti)

　　 6. 空间概念

　　 Space concepts are those that refer to open spaces—such as well, cave, hole and window.

　　 空间概念指的是开放的空间 诸如井、岩洞、孔和窗户。

　　 7 Sight Concepts (Nimitta Paññatti)

　　 7.相概念

　　 These are visualised images such as the learner”s sign and mirror image of tranquillity meditation. Many hallucinations and imageries also come under this category.

　　 相概念是视觉化的图像诸如寂止禅中的取相和似相。很多幻觉和想象也是隶属于这类概念。

　　 8 Beings, Ego (Satta Paññatti)

　　 8 众生、自我的概念

　　 What people norma…

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