..續本文上一頁by themselves do not really exist.

　　 聲音概念法(語言文字)如果所指的是直接可以經曆的真實現象，那麽它可以是真實概念。非真實概念是那些不能直指真實法的概念，它們所指的是別的自身並不真實存在的概念或想法。

　　 As words combine with words, further concepts build up and can be the combination of real and unreal concepts. Example: The word “mind” is a real concept as it refers to mental phenomena that can be directly experienced without conceptualization.

　　 字詞和字詞組合會構建出更多概念法，而且可能是真實概念和非真實概念的組合。例如，“心”這個字是真實概念，因爲它所指的精神現象是可以被直接經曆而無需概念化。

　　 The word “man” is an unreal concept because it refers to something that cannot be directly experienced without conceptualization. Some words may have both—eg patient who may refer to a sick person (unreal) or a tolerant mental state (real).

　　 “人”這個字是非真實概念法，因爲它所指的東西不概念化就無法直接體認。有些字可能兼具二者，如英文的patient，可以指一個病人(非真實概念)或者一種忍耐的心態(真實概念)。

　　 In meditation we use them (real concepts) as labels to help us recognise realities. Words and labels should not be grasped at in meditation. One should instead try to understand what is meant to be experienced.

　　 在禅修中我們使用概念(真實概念)作標記以助我們認知真實法。禅修中不應當執著文字和標記，而應當懂得文字所指的應該親曆的內容。

　　 2 Form, shape and distance

　　 2.體形、形狀和距離

　　 These concepts make up the two-dimensional and three dimensional world.

　　 這些概念構成二維和叁維世 界。

　　 If you study the television screen, the picture is made up of electron lights shooting at a great speed from the tube within. They arise and pass too fast for one to really know what is actually happening. What the mind grasps (too slowly) is a general play of colours which form shapes and so give us ideas. They occur so fast that they seem to occur at the same time.

　　 如果你研究電視屏幕，就會知道電視圖像是由從電視裏陰極管射出來的高速電子形成的光點所構成的。這些光點生滅太快，人實際上難于看清實際發生的情況。而我們(過慢)的心識能夠捕捉的只是一個總體的色彩顯示，這些色彩形成各種形狀並讓我産生各種想法。它們發生得太快了以至于看起來象同時發生的。

　　 3 Directional Concepts (Disa Paññatti)

　　 3.方向概念

　　 These are concepts corresponding to directions, relationship of one thing to another eg east, west, right, left, above, below, inwards, outwards, sideways, upwards, and downwards.

　　 這些是和各種方向相對應的概念，顯示一個東西和另一個東西之間的關系，如東、西、左、右、上、下、向內、向外、向旁、向上、向下。

　　 4 Time Concepts (Kala Paññatti)

　　 4. 時間概念

　　 The Time concept is built upon ideas concerning the recurrent and consecutive occurrence of material and mental phenomena. Materially, they involve light and darkness (as in day or night), physical state of body (as in old and young) and so on.

　　 對色法和心法的重複發生和相續發生的認識，是建立時間概念的基礎。就色法而言，時間概念涉及諸如光明與黑暗(如白天與夜晚的更替)，身體的狀態(如衰老與年輕的變化)，等等。

　　 Mentally, they involve mental activities and functions such as sleeping time, working time, and so on.

　　 就心法而言，時間概念涉及各種心理活動和作用，諸如睡多少時間、工作多少時間，等等。

　　 Although we should have a general timetable or routine to guide our practice, we need not follow it blindly. Adjustments can be made if it is unsuitable. In groups, sometimes one”s own welfare has to be sacrificed if benefit is meant for the welfare of the group.

　　 盡管我們需要一個大致的時間表或流程來指導我們的禅修，但我們不必盲目地跟從這個時間表。如果不合適可以作調整。在團體中，有時爲了整體的利益需要犧牲個人的利益。

　　 5 Collective Concepts (Samuha Paññatti)

　　 集合概念

　　 These correspond to groups or collections of things, eg a class, a race, a car, a city, group interviews, group meditation etc.

　　 這些概念對應一些事物的群組或集合，例如一個班、一個種族、一個城市、集體面談、集體禅修，等等。

　　 6 Space Concepts (Akasa Paññatti)

　　 6. 空間概念

　　 Space concepts are those that refer to open spaces—such as well, cave, hole and window.

　　 空間概念指的是開放的空間 諸如井、岩洞、孔和窗戶。

　　 7 Sight Concepts (Nimitta Paññatti)

　　 7.相概念

　　 These are visualised images such as the learner”s sign and mirror image of tranquillity meditation. Many hallucinations and imageries also come under this category.

　　 相概念是視覺化的圖像諸如寂止禅中的取相和似相。很多幻覺和想象也是隸屬于這類概念。

　　 8 Beings, Ego (Satta Paññatti)

　　 8 衆生、自我的概念

　　 What people norma…

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