vo determining consciousness (determines course of action that follow)
vo 确定心(决定接下来的行为进程)
J (Javana) impulsion
J(Javana)速行心
t retentive consciousness
t 彼所缘心
M mind door apprehending
M 意门转向
b bhavanga
b 有分心
Note: Bhavanga: the life continuum, a flow of consciousness when in deep sleep. It is the result of previous kamma and is responsible for maintaining the inpidual”s existence and a condition for latent defilements to arise and kammic results to manifest. It is also regarded as the minddoor.
注：有分：生命流，同于深睡眠时的心识之流；是过去业的果报，它负责维持个人的存在，亦是潜在烦恼生起和业果显现的条件。它同时也被称作意门。
After this follows the mind-door processes, such as:
在上面的心路过程之后，意 门心路历程紧随其后，如：
1 The first type of process is usually the compaction of past object process which is a carry over of the object from the sense doors (atitaghannavithi).
1. 第一种类型心路历程通常是前面心路历程的约化，是将五门的所缘传递过来。
2 Following it is the amassing process, where the various eye objects are amassed into formation eg of shape concepts (samuhaghanavithi).
2.紧随其后是综合过程，各种眼门的所缘被综合形成比如说形状概念。
3 Next, ideas of what they are develop through the meaning or idea processes (atthaghanavithi).
3. 接下来，经由含义或意义过程，所缘是什么的认识形成。
4 Lastly, the names ascribed to it may be given mentally. This is through the naming process (namaghanavithi).
4.最后，可能心里给所缘取名，这是通过取名过程完成。
These may develop further into more abstract ideas especially when associated with other sense doors and ideas. But from here we may say that to note “seeing” without thinking would cut off a lot of concepts. It would also help to disregard the shape and forms as far as possible.
这些认知过程可能进一步形成更抽象的意思，特别是涉及到别的五门历程和意思时候。但是从这里我们可以说观照“看”而不是在思维会切断很多概念，也有助于尽量不形成形状和形体的概念。
With the hearing process:
听的过程
1 past process
2 amassing of sound forms
3 meaning or ideas
4 naming
1 过去
2 综合
3 意义
4 naming
Similarly, by just noting “hearing” we cut off concepts. It would also help to disregard the “words” if we are to arrive at the Vipassana object faster.
同样地，通过观照“听”我们切断了很多概念，如果我们能较快观照内观目标，也会有助于不形成“语言文字”概念，
And again with smelling, tasting, and touching processes:
同样地嗅、尝、触心路亦是如此：
1 past
2 amassing
3 meaning
4 naming
1 过去
2 综合
3 意义
4 取名
Only by noting “smelling” merely as “smelling” etc, we cut off concepts. Idea of what is smelt, tasted or touched should also be disregarded.
只有通过观照“嗅”仅仅是“嗅”，等等，我们才能切断概念。嗅到的是什么或者尝到的是什么或者触到的是什么，也无需去想。
The processes follow one another so quickly that they make what is complex seem solid and as a whole.
这些心路历程一个接一个发生非常之快，以至于这些过程复杂地结合在一起看起来象实在的一个整体。
Four Kinds of Apparent Solidity (Ghana paññatti)
四种密集
1 Santati Ghana (Compaction of continuity)
1.相续密集
The mental and material processes arise and cease so fast one after another that it seems as if they are one continuous unchanging occurrence.
心法和色法一个接一个生起灭去如此之快以至于看起来它们象是连续不变的一个事件。
2 Samuha Ghana (Compaction of mass)
2.组合密集
The mental and material processes are made up of so many characteristics or phenomena finely knitted by complex conditionings that they seem like one whole piece.
心法和色法的各种过程是由很多特征或现象构成，由于复杂因缘条件这些现象微妙地互相交织在一起，以至于看起来象一个整体。
3 Kicca Ghana (Compaction of function)
3.功用密集
There are “different types of consciousness” each with their own specific functions eg seeing, hearing etc, which are very subtle and difficult to see. Hence one may mistake it for one working unit.
存在“不同类型的心”，每种心有其自身特有的功能，例如看、听等等，非常微细难见，所以一个人可能错误地认为所有这些功能都是一个心执行的。
4 Arammana Ghana (Compaction of object)
4. 所缘密集
As the consciousness and process run very quickly by, so too the different objects that seem to appear together in one picture—giving rise to shapes, forms, etc.
不同的所缘也象心和心路历程一样运行得非…
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