vo determining consciousness (determines course of action that follow)
vo 確定心(決定接下來的行爲進程)
J (Javana) impulsion
J(Javana)速行心
t retentive consciousness
t 彼所緣心
M mind door apprehending
M 意門轉向
b bhavanga
b 有分心
Note: Bhavanga: the life continuum, a flow of consciousness when in deep sleep. It is the result of previous kamma and is responsible for maintaining the inpidual”s existence and a condition for latent defilements to arise and kammic results to manifest. It is also regarded as the minddoor.
注：有分：生命流，同于深睡眠時的心識之流；是過去業的果報，它負責維持個人的存在，亦是潛在煩惱生起和業果顯現的條件。它同時也被稱作意門。
After this follows the mind-door processes, such as:
在上面的心路過程之後，意 門心路曆程緊隨其後，如：
1 The first type of process is usually the compaction of past object process which is a carry over of the object from the sense doors (atitaghannavithi).
1. 第一種類型心路曆程通常是前面心路曆程的約化，是將五門的所緣傳遞過來。
2 Following it is the amassing process, where the various eye objects are amassed into formation eg of shape concepts (samuhaghanavithi).
2.緊隨其後是綜合過程，各種眼門的所緣被綜合形成比如說形狀概念。
3 Next, ideas of what they are develop through the meaning or idea processes (atthaghanavithi).
3. 接下來，經由含義或意義過程，所緣是什麼的認識形成。
4 Lastly, the names ascribed to it may be given mentally. This is through the naming process (namaghanavithi).
4.最後，可能心裏給所緣取名，這是通過取名過程完成。
These may develop further into more abstract ideas especially when associated with other sense doors and ideas. But from here we may say that to note “seeing” without thinking would cut off a lot of concepts. It would also help to disregard the shape and forms as far as possible.
這些認知過程可能進一步形成更抽象的意思，特別是涉及到別的五門曆程和意思時候。但是從這裏我們可以說觀照“看”而不是在思維會切斷很多概念，也有助于盡量不形成形狀和形體的概念。
With the hearing process:
聽的過程
1 past process
2 amassing of sound forms
3 meaning or ideas
4 naming
1 過去
2 綜合
3 意義
4 naming
Similarly, by just noting “hearing” we cut off concepts. It would also help to disregard the “words” if we are to arrive at the Vipassana object faster.
同樣地，通過觀照“聽”我們切斷了很多概念，如果我們能較快觀照內觀目標，也會有助于不形成“語言文字”概念，
And again with smelling, tasting, and touching processes:
同樣地嗅、嘗、觸心路亦是如此：
1 past
2 amassing
3 meaning
4 naming
1 過去
2 綜合
3 意義
4 取名
Only by noting “smelling” merely as “smelling” etc, we cut off concepts. Idea of what is smelt, tasted or touched should also be disregarded.
只有通過觀照“嗅”僅僅是“嗅”，等等，我們才能切斷概念。嗅到的是什麼或者嘗到的是什麼或者觸到的是什麼，也無需去想。
The processes follow one another so quickly that they make what is complex seem solid and as a whole.
這些心路曆程一個接一個發生非常之快，以至于這些過程複雜地結合在一起看起來象實在的一個整體。
Four Kinds of Apparent Solidity (Ghana paññatti)
四種密集
1 Santati Ghana (Compaction of continuity)
1.相續密集
The mental and material processes arise and cease so fast one after another that it seems as if they are one continuous unchanging occurrence.
心法和色法一個接一個生起滅去如此之快以至于看起來它們象是連續不變的一個事件。
2 Samuha Ghana (Compaction of mass)
2.組合密集
The mental and material processes are made up of so many characteristics or phenomena finely knitted by complex conditionings that they seem like one whole piece.
心法和色法的各種過程是由很多特征或現象構成，由于複雜因緣條件這些現象微妙地互相交織在一起，以至于看起來象一個整體。
3 Kicca Ghana (Compaction of function)
3.功用密集
There are “different types of consciousness” each with their own specific functions eg seeing, hearing etc, which are very subtle and difficult to see. Hence one may mistake it for one working unit.
存在“不同類型的心”，每種心有其自身特有的功能，例如看、聽等等，非常微細難見，所以一個人可能錯誤地認爲所有這些功能都是一個心執行的。
4 Arammana Ghana (Compaction of object)
4. 所緣密集
As the consciousness and process run very quickly by, so too the different objects that seem to appear together in one picture—giving rise to shapes, forms, etc.
不同的所緣也象心和心路曆程一樣運行得非…
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