..续本文上一页knowledge of their subject.
那么学生究竟所得到的是什么呢？在万佛圣城，我们称之为道德。其实不只此处，现代社会的人已开始强调道德教育和道德风尚。给道德下定义不难，不过这不是我现在的话题。道德风尚，我说过，是人们应遵循的守则。「道德风尚」一词，在拉丁文里，即「已成风俗之尚」。所以，一个好的道德规范，即一个好风俗，人们知善而从，约定俗成，共同遵守。这些风俗有助人们恒住于道。它是一种雅尚规约。我们都知道还有超出这些规范的东西––那也就是我所要讲的。
But what is it exactly that the student gets from all of this
Here, in the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, we can call it morality. Not only here, but in this modern world people are trying to stress moral education and morality. And we have no problem defining morality—that is not the issue. Morality, as I have said, is a code that we have to follow. "Moral" comes from a Latin word that means something that is custom. So, a moral code is a code of good customs, of things that have been proven to be good and that people have agreed to follow—something that helps them stay on the Path. It is a code of honor. But we all know that there is something that goes beyond the moral code, and that is what I would like to talk about.
稍微超出道德风尚概念的，我们就称之为伦理。什么是伦理？如何与道德风尚相关，有何区别？简单明了地说，道德风尚可成文，而伦理超越文字。风尚帮我们守德。伦理一词的词根是什么？我想把它与「乙太」相连，乙太即纯净的空气，无有污染物。此空气周遍虚空，进入我们身心性命的每一角落--它使我们更愉悦、清爽，更有朝气、更细致、更灵活；使我们身心有质的变化，乃至于能得无言之义。那样我们就有希望不以分别之心能观因果，能辨善恶。道德风尚是当遵之指南，伦理则更入道一层。身为老师，当唤起学生伦理之心。
That which goes a little bit beyond the concept of morality is called ethics. What is ethics, and how does ethics connect with morality, and what is the difference
A very quick and simple answer would be that morality can be spelled out and ethics is beyond words. Morality helps us to become ethical. What is the root of "ethics"
I like to connect it with the word "ether", or the pure air, which has no pollutants in it. It is something that can pervade and enter our whole being—our mind and our body—and make us more lighthearted, more buoyant, more alive, more subtle, and more capable of bending. It helps us transform ourselves and our minds so we can grasp concepts beyond words. We can hope to see then into the roots of cause and effect and know what is good and what is bad without having to think about it. Morality is a guide to hold onto; ethics is further down the path. And a teacher needs to awaken that sense of ethics in his students.
世界上有的语言，如中东的希伯莱文、古闪米语，以及现今的阿拉伯语中，伦理一词与创造性相连系的。好的创造性即是伦理。它亦与行善有关。所造之物若是恶的，即不配「生命」之这一冠称，是不合伦理的；不合伦理即差不多是死的--对世界那地方而言。
In some languages of this world, like the languages of the Middle East—Hebrew, the ancient Semitic languages, and Arabic of today--the word for ethics is associated with creativity. It is the creativity of the human being that is good that is called ethics. Ethics has to do with creating good things. Anything that is created that is bad is not worth the title of being a "creature"—something that is created; it is not ethical. And what is not ethical is almost not alive— for that part of the world.
在现代社会，我们知道有许多复杂的问题，这个世界很复杂。从事教育工作者需要知伦理，如不能行至少要知理。我们在座大部分人都清楚现代的世界是怎么一回事。从十八世纪起，大约两百多年前，这世界就是一个科学称霸的世界；样样都要讲科学，讲究事物的可量、可证、和可触性。如果哪件事你无法证明，那么就根本没有去想的价值。这种研究态度席卷全球，根深蒂固。这就是为什么时人不再学艺术、佛学、或是学我们称之为人文的东西；凡是难以证明的，即使某些人有些兴趣，家长们也都会泼冷水，因为人文学科赚不了什么钱。为人父母者很在意孩子的前程，学那些不可量、不可证、不可触的学科却鲜为人尊崇。那些最后去学人文学的人，还是得去「证明」，因而不得不将难以证明的概念转变成易懂的零碎片段，将复杂的思想过度简化后，放在一个个小小的盒子里。
In our modern world, we know that there are many, many complex issues. Our world is a very complicated one. Those who teach definitely need to understand ethics, at least in theory if not in practice. Most of us here are quite aware of what the modern world is about. It began, so to speak, in the eighteenth century, or roughly two hundred years ago. It is the world of science; everything needs to be scientific in this world. It has to be measurable, provable, and tangible. If you cannot prove something, then it is not even worth thinking about. This attitude has by now swept our whole world and taken hold of it. That is why people these day…
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