..續本文上一頁knowledge of their subject.
那麼學生究竟所得到的是什麼呢？在萬佛聖城，我們稱之爲道德。其實不只此處，現代社會的人已開始強調道德教育和道德風尚。給道德下定義不難，不過這不是我現在的話題。道德風尚，我說過，是人們應遵循的守則。「道德風尚」一詞，在拉丁文裏，即「已成風俗之尚」。所以，一個好的道德規範，即一個好風俗，人們知善而從，約定俗成，共同遵守。這些風俗有助人們恒住于道。它是一種雅尚規約。我們都知道還有超出這些規範的東西––那也就是我所要講的。
But what is it exactly that the student gets from all of this
Here, in the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, we can call it morality. Not only here, but in this modern world people are trying to stress moral education and morality. And we have no problem defining morality—that is not the issue. Morality, as I have said, is a code that we have to follow. "Moral" comes from a Latin word that means something that is custom. So, a moral code is a code of good customs, of things that have been proven to be good and that people have agreed to follow—something that helps them stay on the Path. It is a code of honor. But we all know that there is something that goes beyond the moral code, and that is what I would like to talk about.
稍微超出道德風尚概念的，我們就稱之爲倫理。什麼是倫理？如何與道德風尚相關，有何區別？簡單明了地說，道德風尚可成文，而倫理超越文字。風尚幫我們守德。倫理一詞的詞根是什麼？我想把它與「乙太」相連，乙太即純淨的空氣，無有汙染物。此空氣周遍虛空，進入我們身心性命的每一角落--它使我們更愉悅、清爽，更有朝氣、更細致、更靈活；使我們身心有質的變化，乃至于能得無言之義。那樣我們就有希望不以分別之心能觀因果，能辨善惡。道德風尚是當遵之指南，倫理則更入道一層。身爲老師，當喚起學生倫理之心。
That which goes a little bit beyond the concept of morality is called ethics. What is ethics, and how does ethics connect with morality, and what is the difference
A very quick and simple answer would be that morality can be spelled out and ethics is beyond words. Morality helps us to become ethical. What is the root of "ethics"
I like to connect it with the word "ether", or the pure air, which has no pollutants in it. It is something that can pervade and enter our whole being—our mind and our body—and make us more lighthearted, more buoyant, more alive, more subtle, and more capable of bending. It helps us transform ourselves and our minds so we can grasp concepts beyond words. We can hope to see then into the roots of cause and effect and know what is good and what is bad without having to think about it. Morality is a guide to hold onto; ethics is further down the path. And a teacher needs to awaken that sense of ethics in his students.
世界上有的語言，如中東的希伯萊文、古閃米語，以及現今的阿拉伯語中，倫理一詞與創造性相連系的。好的創造性即是倫理。它亦與行善有關。所造之物若是惡的，即不配「生命」之這一冠稱，是不合倫理的；不合倫理即差不多是死的--對世界那地方而言。
In some languages of this world, like the languages of the Middle East—Hebrew, the ancient Semitic languages, and Arabic of today--the word for ethics is associated with creativity. It is the creativity of the human being that is good that is called ethics. Ethics has to do with creating good things. Anything that is created that is bad is not worth the title of being a "creature"—something that is created; it is not ethical. And what is not ethical is almost not alive— for that part of the world.
在現代社會，我們知道有許多複雜的問題，這個世界很複雜。從事教育工作者需要知倫理，如不能行至少要知理。我們在座大部分人都清楚現代的世界是怎麼一回事。從十八世紀起，大約兩百多年前，這世界就是一個科學稱霸的世界；樣樣都要講科學，講究事物的可量、可證、和可觸性。如果哪件事你無法證明，那麼就根本沒有去想的價值。這種研究態度席卷全球，根深蒂固。這就是爲什麼時人不再學藝術、佛學、或是學我們稱之爲人文的東西；凡是難以證明的，即使某些人有些興趣，家長們也都會潑冷水，因爲人文學科賺不了什麼錢。爲人父母者很在意孩子的前程，學那些不可量、不可證、不可觸的學科卻鮮爲人尊崇。那些最後去學人文學的人，還是得去「證明」，因而不得不將難以證明的概念轉變成易懂的零碎片段，將複雜的思想過度簡化後，放在一個個小小的盒子裏。
In our modern world, we know that there are many, many complex issues. Our world is a very complicated one. Those who teach definitely need to understand ethics, at least in theory if not in practice. Most of us here are quite aware of what the modern world is about. It began, so to speak, in the eighteenth century, or roughly two hundred years ago. It is the world of science; everything needs to be scientific in this world. It has to be measurable, provable, and tangible. If you cannot prove something, then it is not even worth thinking about. This attitude has by now swept our whole world and taken hold of it. That is why people these day…
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