..续本文上一页自己的自我遗忘于巨大的空虚之中,而所有各殊的事物消失殆尽,只留下无意识的空白。禅师们所致力的是使我们同生命实际接触,亲自感受它的脉动,如同眼睛接触到光明时,即刻认知它是光明。当一个人具有了这如实的内在感受──西方的哲学家们,会称之为直观知识或直接知识──禅师们就给他一个名字,称之为佛,菩萨,或大善知识。
非禁欲主义
那些只认识到佛教苦修层面或悲观层面的人,会以为禅宗也是如此;但事实上,禅宗却是佛教最积极和最有活力的派别之一。禅宗教导说,要合于宇宙的道;而开悟者不再认为感官世界中,何者是该诅咒的,何者是该躲避的,如禁欲主义者或悲观主义者然。就这一点而言,禅者就像其他的大乘佛教徒一样,认为同情与慈悲是他们宗教的根本基础。因为他们不肯停留在精神上的超升地位,而将他们的人类同胞遗留在无明的痛苦中。他们从理论的高处下降到个殊的世界。他们像众生一样生活着,受苦,忍耐和希望。但他们内在的生活,不受此世任何折磨的骚扰。修禅者精神发展的历程,在一本叫做“十牛图”的书中说得很清楚。这本书把禅宗的精神历程,比之于寻牛与驯牛。
禅的哲学
在此处,我并不想对于谜样的公案所寓含的哲学做思考与解释。我只想给读者翻译六祖坛经一些的段落;这本书在禅宗历史中,是划时代之作,由六祖的弟子依据他们的随记而成。
总净心念摩诃般若波罗蜜多。善知识,菩提般若之智世人本自有之,只缘心迷,不能自悟;须假大善知识,示导见性。当知愚人智人,佛性本无差别,只缘迷悟不同,所以有愚有智。吾今为说摩诃般若波罗蜜法,使汝等各得智慧。志心谛听。
吾为汝说。善知识,世人终日口念般若,不识自性般若,犹如说食不饱。口但说空,万劫不得见性,终无有益。
善知识,摩诃般若波罗蜜是梵语,此言大智慧到彼岸。此须心行,不在口念。口念心不行,如幻如化,如露如电。口念心行,则心口相应。
本性是佛,离性别无佛。
何名摩诃?摩诃是大,心量广大,犹如虚空,无有边畔,亦无方圆大小,亦非青黄赤白,亦无上下长短,亦无嗔无喜,无是无非,无善无恶,无有头尾。
诸佛刹土,尽同虚空。世人妙性本空,无有一法可得。自性真空,亦复如是。善知识,莫闻吾说空,便即着空。第一莫着空。若空心静坐,即着无记空。
善知识,世界虚空,能含万物色像,日月星宿,山河大地,泉源溪涧,草木森林,恶人善人,恶法善法,天堂地狱,一切大海,须弥诸山,总在空中。世人性空,亦复如是。
善知识,自性能含万法是大,万法在诸人性中,若见一切人恶之与善,尽皆不取不舍,亦不染着,心如虚空,名之为大,故曰摩诃。
善知识,迷人口说,智者心行。又有迷人,空心静坐,百无所思,自称为大;此一辈人,不可与语,为邪见故。
善知识,心量广大,遍周法界。用即了了分明;应用便知一切。一切即一,一即一切。去来自由,心体无滞,即是般若。善知识,一切般若智,皆从自性而生,不从外入。莫错用意,名为真性自用。一真一切真。心量事大,不行小道。口莫终日说空,心中不修此行;恰似凡人自称国王,终不可得,非吾弟子。
善知识,何名般若,般若者,唐言智慧也。一切处所,一切时中,念念不愚,常行智慧,即是般若行。一念愚即般若绝;一念智即般若生。世人愚迷,不见般若。口说般若心中常愚。常自言我修般若。念念说空,不识真空。般若无形相,智慧心即是。若作如是解,即名般若智。
何名波罗蜜。此是西国语。唐言到彼岸。解义离生灭。着境生灭起,如水有波浪,即名为此岸。离境无生灭,如水常流通,即名为彼岸,故号波罗蜜。
善知识,迷人口念。当念之时,有妄有非。念念若行,是名真性。悟此法者,是般若法。修此行者,是般若行。不修即凡。一念修行,自身等佛。
善知识,凡夫即佛,烦恼即菩提。前念迷即凡夫,后念悟即佛。前念着境即烦恼,后念离境即菩提。善知识,摩诃般若波罗蜜,最尊最上最第一,无住无往亦无来,三世诸佛从中出。当用大智慧打破五蕴烦恼尘劳。如此修行,定成佛道,变三毒为戒定慧。
善知识,我此法门,从一般若生八万四千智慧。何以故,为世人有八万四千尘劳。若无尘劳,智慧常现,不离自性。悟此法者,即是无念,无忆无着,不起狂妄。用自真如性,以智慧观照,于一切法,不取不舍,即是见性成佛道。
"Have your hearts thoroughly purified, and think of the Maha-prajna-paramita. O My good and intelligent brethren, all beings are from the beginning in possession of the Bodhi-prajna [transcendental intelligence or wisdom], and the reason why they are unable to realize it is due to their confused subjectivity. You should, therefore, exert yourselves according to the instruction of a great enlightened teacher, and have an insight into the nature of being. the Buddha-nature is the same in the ignorant as in the intelligent; but as there is a difference between enlightenment and confusion, some are called benighted, while others are enlightened. I shall now speak about the doctrine of Maha-prajna-paramita, and lead you to the way of intelligence, Listen to me with hearts true and sincere, as I speak unto you.
"O my good and intelligent brethren, people are talking all the time about Prajna, but they do not comprehend the Prajna of their own being. It is like talking about food, which does not satisfy the appetite. If they keep on only talking about the supraph-enomenal, there will never be a time when they actually have an insight into it. Mere talking is of no avail.
"O my good and intelligent brethren, Maha-prajna-paramita is a Sanskrit term and means in our language ”the great intelligence that leads to the other shore”. This should be practised in your own heart and not be talked about with your lips. If talked about and not practised, it is like unto a mirage, phantom, dew, or lightning. If talked about as well as practised, the heart and the mouth are in harmony.
"The Buddha is the Essence of your being; outside of it there is no Buddha.
"What is maha
Maha means ”great”. The vastness of the mind is like space: it is neither large nor small. It has no colour, such as blue, yellow, red, or white. It has also no magnitude, such as high or short. It is, again, free from anger and joy; it is above yes and no, good and evil. It has no tail or head.
"The land of all the Buddhas is like the vastness of space. The very Essence of our being is from the fi…
《禅学随笔 一、佛教中的禅宗》全文未完,请进入下页继续阅读…