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禅學隨筆 一、佛教中的禅宗▪P4

  ..續本文上一頁自己的自我遺忘于巨大的空虛之中,而所有各殊的事物消失殆盡,只留下無意識的空白。禅師們所致力的是使我們同生命實際接觸,親自感受它的脈動,如同眼睛接觸到光明時,即刻認知它是光明。當一個人具有了這如實的內在感受──西方的哲學家們,會稱之爲直觀知識或直接知識──禅師們就給他一個名字,稱之爲佛,菩薩,或大善知識。

  非禁欲主義

  那些只認識到佛教苦修層面或悲觀層面的人,會以爲禅宗也是如此;但事實上,禅宗卻是佛教最積極和最有活力的派別之一。禅宗教導說,要合于宇宙的道;而開悟者不再認爲感官世界中,何者是該詛咒的,何者是該躲避的,如禁欲主義者或悲觀主義者然。就這一點而言,禅者就像其他的大乘佛教徒一樣,認爲同情與慈悲是他們宗教的根本基礎。因爲他們不肯停留在精神上的超升地位,而將他們的人類同胞遺留在無明的痛苦中。他們從理論的高處下降到個殊的世界。他們像衆生一樣生活著,受苦,忍耐和希望。但他們內在的生活,不受此世任何折磨的騷擾。修禅者精神發展的曆程,在一本叫做“十牛圖”的書中說得很清楚。這本書把禅宗的精神曆程,比之于尋牛與馴牛。

  禅的哲學

  在此處,我並不想對于謎樣的公案所寓含的哲學做思考與解釋。我只想給讀者翻譯六祖壇經一些的段落;這本書在禅宗曆史中,是劃時代之作,由六祖的弟子依據他們的隨記而成。

  總淨心念摩诃般若波羅蜜多。善知識,菩提般若之智世人本自有之,只緣心迷,不能自悟;須假大善知識,示導見性。當知愚人智人,佛性本無差別,只緣迷悟不同,所以有愚有智。吾今爲說摩诃般若波羅蜜法,使汝等各得智慧。志心谛聽。

  吾爲汝說。善知識,世人終日口念般若,不識自性般若,猶如說食不飽。口但說空,萬劫不得見性,終無有益。

  善知識,摩诃般若波羅蜜是梵語,此言大智慧到彼岸。此須心行,不在口念。口念心不行,如幻如化,如露如電。口念心行,則心口相應。

  本性是佛,離性別無佛。

  何名摩诃?摩诃是大,心量廣大,猶如虛空,無有邊畔,亦無方圓大小,亦非青黃赤白,亦無上下長短,亦無嗔無喜,無是無非,無善無惡,無有頭尾。

  諸佛刹土,盡同虛空。世人妙性本空,無有一法可得。自性真空,亦複如是。善知識,莫聞吾說空,便即著空。第一莫著空。若空心靜坐,即著無記空。

  善知識,世界虛空,能含萬物色像,日月星宿,山河大地,泉源溪澗,草木森林,惡人善人,惡法善法,天堂地獄,一切大海,須彌諸山,總在空中。世人性空,亦複如是。

  善知識,自性能含萬法是大,萬法在諸人性中,若見一切人惡之與善,盡皆不取不舍,亦不染著,心如虛空,名之爲大,故曰摩诃。

  善知識,迷人口說,智者心行。又有迷人,空心靜坐,百無所思,自稱爲大;此一輩人,不可與語,爲邪見故。

  善知識,心量廣大,遍周法界。用即了了分明;應用便知一切。一切即一,一即一切。去來自由,心體無滯,即是般若。善知識,一切般若智,皆從自性而生,不從外入。莫錯用意,名爲真性自用。一真一切真。心量事大,不行小道。口莫終日說空,心中不修此行;恰似凡人自稱國王,終不可得,非吾弟子。

  善知識,何名般若,般若者,唐言智慧也。一切處所,一切時中,念念不愚,常行智慧,即是般若行。一念愚即般若絕;一念智即般若生。世人愚迷,不見般若。口說般若心中常愚。常自言我修般若。念念說空,不識真空。般若無形相,智慧心即是。若作如是解,即名般若智。

  何名波羅蜜。此是西國語。唐言到彼岸。解義離生滅。著境生滅起,如水有波浪,即名爲此岸。離境無生滅,如水常流通,即名爲彼岸,故號波羅蜜。

  善知識,迷人口念。當念之時,有妄有非。念念若行,是名真性。悟此法者,是般若法。修此行者,是般若行。不修即凡。一念修行,自身等佛。

  善知識,凡夫即佛,煩惱即菩提。前念迷即凡夫,後念悟即佛。前念著境即煩惱,後念離境即菩提。善知識,摩诃般若波羅蜜,最尊最上最第一,無住無往亦無來,叁世諸佛從中出。當用大智慧打破五蘊煩惱塵勞。如此修行,定成佛道,變叁毒爲戒定慧。

  善知識,我此法門,從一般若生八萬四千智慧。何以故,爲世人有八萬四千塵勞。若無塵勞,智慧常現,不離自性。悟此法者,即是無念,無憶無著,不起狂妄。用自真如性,以智慧觀照,于一切法,不取不舍,即是見性成佛道。

  "Have your hearts thoroughly purified, and think of the Maha-prajna-paramita. O My good and intelligent brethren, all beings are from the beginning in possession of the Bodhi-prajna [transcendental intelligence or wisdom], and the reason why they are unable to realize it is due to their confused subjectivity. You should, therefore, exert yourselves according to the instruction of a great enlightened teacher, and have an insight into the nature of being. the Buddha-nature is the same in the ignorant as in the intelligent; but as there is a difference between enlightenment and confusion, some are called benighted, while others are enlightened. I shall now speak about the doctrine of Maha-prajna-paramita, and lead you to the way of intelligence, Listen to me with hearts true and sincere, as I speak unto you.

  "O my good and intelligent brethren, people are talking all the time about Prajna, but they do not comprehend the Prajna of their own being. It is like talking about food, which does not satisfy the appetite. If they keep on only talking about the supraph-enomenal, there will never be a time when they actually have an insight into it. Mere talking is of no avail.

  "O my good and intelligent brethren, Maha-prajna-paramita is a Sanskrit term and means in our language ”the great intelligence that leads to the other shore”. This should be practised in your own heart and not be talked about with your lips. If talked about and not practised, it is like unto a mirage, phantom, dew, or lightning. If talked about as well as practised, the heart and the mouth are in harmony.

  "The Buddha is the Essence of your being; outside of it there is no Buddha.

  "What is maha

   Maha means ”great”. The vastness of the mind is like space: it is neither large nor small. It has no colour, such as blue, yellow, red, or white. It has also no magnitude, such as high or short. It is, again, free from anger and joy; it is above yes and no, good and evil. It has no tail or head.

  "The land of all the Buddhas is like the vastness of space. The very Essence of our being is from the fi…

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