..續本文上一頁ng: Once you obtain it, you have satisfied your desire. Why do you want to fulfill your desire

　　 It”s because you want to possess things. With that wish for possession, "becoming" occurs.

　　11. Birth: Because of becoming, you want to possess things. Once you want to possess things, there is birth into the next life.

　　12. Old age and death: With another birth, there is also old age and death again.

　　These twelve links of conditioned co-production are cultivated by Those Enlightened to Conditions.

　　(四)聲聞法界

　　聲聞衆僧，不論女男；

　　四谛觀行，隱實示權。

　　(4) The Dharma Realm of Hearers

　　The Shravaka Sangha,

　　Both men and women,

　　Contemplate and practice the four holy truths,

　　Concealing the real and displaying the provisional.

　　「聲聞衆僧」：這聲聞法界有初果的聲聞，有二果的聲聞，有叁果的聲聞，有四果的聲聞。這裏面又分出：初果向(還沒有正式證得初果)、初果、二果向、二果、叁果向、叁果、四果向、四果。這個「向」，就是回小向大。

　　The Dharma Realm of Hearers consists of Hearers of the First Fruition, Hearers of the Second Fruition, Hearers of the Third Fruition, and Hearers of the Fourth Fruition. These can further be pided into the threshold to the first fruition (those who haven”t actually realized the first fruition), the first fruition, the threshold to the second fruition, the second fruitition, the threshold to the third fruition, the third fruition, the threshold to the fourth fruition, and the fourth fruition. Those in the thresholds are turning away from the small and tending toward the great.

　　在這個聲聞的人，又叫阿羅漢，或叫羅漢，他能以飛行變化，有神通。證果的人，不是隨隨便便就說：「我證了果了，我是阿羅漢了。」不可以的。因爲證果的聖人，他走路鞋不沾地。你看他像在地上走路，但是他是在虛空裏頭，那個鞋不沾地，也不沾泥土，甚至于在濘泥裏走，他的鞋都很幹淨的。好像法順和尚他在那個很稀的泥上面走過去，鞋上也不沾泥。這是證果聖人的一種表現。

　　Hearers are also called Arhats. They can fly through the air and manifest transformations, and they are endowed with spiritual powers. People who have realized a certain fruition in their cultivation will not casually say, "I have certified to the fruition; I have attained Arhatship." They cannot do that. When those who have certified to the fruition of sagehood walk, their feet don”t touch the ground. They seem to be walking on the ground, but actually they are walking in air, and their shoes don”t touch the ground. Even when it”s very muddy, their shoes stay very clean. For example, even when the Venerable Fashun walked across very soft mud, his shoes didn”t get muddied at all. That”s a sign of one who has certified to sagehood.

　　初果要斷見惑，二果要斷思惑，叁果要斷塵沙惑，四果也是斷了塵沙惑，無明呢？他破了一點，但是沒有完全破，沒有完全把無明都破盡了。這無明破盡了，就是成佛了。所以在等覺菩薩，還有一分的生相無明沒有破，所以就不能成佛。那麼這四果聖人，他所修的是什麼法呢？他修的這種法就是四谛法––苦、集、滅、道。

　　Those of the first fruition have to sever the delusions of views. Those of the second fruition have to sever the delusions of thoughts. Those of the third fruition have to sever the delusions as many as dust and sand. As for ignorance, they have destroyed a bit of it, but they haven”t pierced through it completely. They haven”t exhaus-tively destroyed ignorance. Once they do, they will attain Buddha-hood. Even Bodhisattvas at the state of equal enlightenment still have a small amount of production-mark ignorance which keeps them from becoming Buddhas. What do the sages of the fourth fruition cultivate

　　 They cultivate the Four Noble Truths of suffering, accumulation, cessation, and the Way.

　　釋迦牟尼佛最初到鹿野苑度五比丘，這五個比丘本來都是佛的親戚，他們跟著佛去修道，可是有的就受不了苦。釋迦牟尼佛在雪山的時候，一天只吃一麻一麥，餓得骨瘦如柴。所以就餓跑了叁個受不了苦的，只剩兩個。以後，釋迦牟尼佛在臘八那一天，天女送牛奶去，釋迦牟尼佛把牛奶喝了，這兩個也跑了，說：「修行要行苦行，你現在喝牛奶，這是不能修行，不能受苦了。」所以也就跑了。這五個人一跑就跑到鹿野苑去了。

　　In the beginning, Shakyamuni Buddha first went to convert the five Bhikshus in the Deer Park. These five Bhikshus were the Buddha”s relatives. They had been cultivating the Way with the Buddha, but some of them couldn”t endure the bitterness. When Shakyamuni Buddha was in the Himalayas, he ate one sesame seed and one grain of wheat each day, and he became as thin as a matchstick. Three of his relatives left because they were starving and couldn”t end…

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