..续本文上一页ng: Once you obtain it, you have satisfied your desire. Why do you want to fulfill your desire

　　 It”s because you want to possess things. With that wish for possession, "becoming" occurs.

　　11. Birth: Because of becoming, you want to possess things. Once you want to possess things, there is birth into the next life.

　　12. Old age and death: With another birth, there is also old age and death again.

　　These twelve links of conditioned co-production are cultivated by Those Enlightened to Conditions.

　　(四)声闻法界

　　声闻众僧，不论女男；

　　四谛观行，隐实示权。

　　(4) The Dharma Realm of Hearers

　　The Shravaka Sangha,

　　Both men and women,

　　Contemplate and practice the four holy truths,

　　Concealing the real and displaying the provisional.

　　「声闻众僧」：这声闻法界有初果的声闻，有二果的声闻，有三果的声闻，有四果的声闻。这里面又分出：初果向(还没有正式证得初果)、初果、二果向、二果、三果向、三果、四果向、四果。这个「向」，就是回小向大。

　　The Dharma Realm of Hearers consists of Hearers of the First Fruition, Hearers of the Second Fruition, Hearers of the Third Fruition, and Hearers of the Fourth Fruition. These can further be pided into the threshold to the first fruition (those who haven”t actually realized the first fruition), the first fruition, the threshold to the second fruition, the second fruitition, the threshold to the third fruition, the third fruition, the threshold to the fourth fruition, and the fourth fruition. Those in the thresholds are turning away from the small and tending toward the great.

　　在这个声闻的人，又叫阿罗汉，或叫罗汉，他能以飞行变化，有神通。证果的人，不是随随便便就说：「我证了果了，我是阿罗汉了。」不可以的。因为证果的圣人，他走路鞋不沾地。你看他像在地上走路，但是他是在虚空里头，那个鞋不沾地，也不沾泥土，甚至于在泞泥里走，他的鞋都很干净的。好像法顺和尚他在那个很稀的泥上面走过去，鞋上也不沾泥。这是证果圣人的一种表现。

　　Hearers are also called Arhats. They can fly through the air and manifest transformations, and they are endowed with spiritual powers. People who have realized a certain fruition in their cultivation will not casually say, "I have certified to the fruition; I have attained Arhatship." They cannot do that. When those who have certified to the fruition of sagehood walk, their feet don”t touch the ground. They seem to be walking on the ground, but actually they are walking in air, and their shoes don”t touch the ground. Even when it”s very muddy, their shoes stay very clean. For example, even when the Venerable Fashun walked across very soft mud, his shoes didn”t get muddied at all. That”s a sign of one who has certified to sagehood.

　　初果要断见惑，二果要断思惑，三果要断尘沙惑，四果也是断了尘沙惑，无明呢？他破了一点，但是没有完全破，没有完全把无明都破尽了。这无明破尽了，就是成佛了。所以在等觉菩萨，还有一分的生相无明没有破，所以就不能成佛。那么这四果圣人，他所修的是什么法呢？他修的这种法就是四谛法––苦、集、灭、道。

　　Those of the first fruition have to sever the delusions of views. Those of the second fruition have to sever the delusions of thoughts. Those of the third fruition have to sever the delusions as many as dust and sand. As for ignorance, they have destroyed a bit of it, but they haven”t pierced through it completely. They haven”t exhaus-tively destroyed ignorance. Once they do, they will attain Buddha-hood. Even Bodhisattvas at the state of equal enlightenment still have a small amount of production-mark ignorance which keeps them from becoming Buddhas. What do the sages of the fourth fruition cultivate

　　 They cultivate the Four Noble Truths of suffering, accumulation, cessation, and the Way.

　　释迦牟尼佛最初到鹿野苑度五比丘，这五个比丘本来都是佛的亲戚，他们跟着佛去修道，可是有的就受不了苦。释迦牟尼佛在雪山的时候，一天只吃一麻一麦，饿得骨瘦如柴。所以就饿跑了三个受不了苦的，只剩两个。以后，释迦牟尼佛在腊八那一天，天女送牛奶去，释迦牟尼佛把牛奶喝了，这两个也跑了，说：「修行要行苦行，你现在喝牛奶，这是不能修行，不能受苦了。」所以也就跑了。这五个人一跑就跑到鹿野苑去了。

　　In the beginning, Shakyamuni Buddha first went to convert the five Bhikshus in the Deer Park. These five Bhikshus were the Buddha”s relatives. They had been cultivating the Way with the Buddha, but some of them couldn”t endure the bitterness. When Shakyamuni Buddha was in the Himalayas, he ate one sesame seed and one grain of wheat each day, and he became as thin as a matchstick. Three of his relatives left because they were starving and couldn”t end…

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