Righteous Life

　　八聖道的生活：

　　戒Sila

　　正 語Sammàvàca

　　正 業Sammàkammanta

　　正 命Sammà-àjãva

　　定Samàdhi

　　正精進Sammàvàyàma

　　正 念Sammàsati

　　正 定Sammàsamàdhi

　　慧Pa¤¤a

　　正 見Sammàdiññhi

　　正思維Sammàsaïkappa

　　The Eightfold path consists of the following eight factors:

　　Sila (Morality) - Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood

　　Samadhi (Mental culture) - Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration

　　Panna (Wisdom) - Right Understanding, Right Thoughts

　　慧學：

　　What is Right Understanding

　　 It is explained as having the knowledge of the Four Noble Truths. In other words, it is the understanding of things as they really are. Right Understanding also means that one understands the nature of what are wholesome kamma (merits) and unwholesome kamma (demerits), and how they may be performed with the body, speech and mind. By understanding kamma, a person will learn to avoid evil and do good, thereby creating favorable outcomes in his life. When a person has Right Understanding, he also understands the Three Characteristics of Life (that all compounded things are transient, subject to suffering, and without a Self) and understands the Law of Dependent Origination. A person with complete Right Understanding is one who is free from ignorance, and by the nature of that enlightenment removes the roots of evil from his mind and becomes liberated. A lofty aim of a practising Buddhist is to cultivate Wisdom and gain Right Understanding about himself, life and all phenomena.

　　什麼是正見？正見就是對四聖谛有所認識，或了解事物的真相。正見也指明了各種善業和不善業，及它們對人類身、語、意的影響。認識「業」以後，人們就懂得遠離邪惡和向善，締造美好的生活。當一個人擁有正見時，他了解人性的叁種本質：無常、苦和無我，也了解十二緣起法。當一個人發展了正見之後，覺悟于真性，斷除邪惡之根，因此而獲得解脫。要達到這個目的，就必須發展智慧，從智慧中獲得對自我、對生命和對一切現象的正見。

　　When a person has Right Understanding, he or she develops Right Thought as well. This factor is sometimes known as ”Right Resolution”, ”Right Aspirations" and ”Right Ideas”. It refers to the mental state which eliminates wrong ideas or notions and promotes the other moral factors to be directed to Nibbana. This factor serves a double purpose of eliminating evil thoughts and developing pure thoughts. Right Thought is important because it is one”s thoughts which either purify or defile a person. There are three aspects to Right Thought. First, a person should maintaining an attitude of detachment from worldly pleasures rather than being selfishly attached to them. He should be selfless in his thoughts and think of the welfare of others. Second, he should maintain loving-kindness, goodwill and benevolence in his mind, which is opposed to hatred, ill-will or aversion. Third, he should act with thoughts of harmlessness or compassion to all beings, which is opposed to cruelty and lack of consideration for others. As a person progresses along the spiritual path, his thoughts will become increasingly benevolent, harmless, selfless, and filled with love and compassion.

　　當一個人獲得正見後，他將進一步發展正思維，這就是擁有不動搖的心、正確的抱負和正確的思想。在精神境界放棄一切不正確的思想，培養通往涅槃的道德戒行。正思維就是棄除邪惡的思想和培養純正的思想。正思維是非常重要的，它影響了一個人思想的淨化或汙染。

　　正思維有叁重意義：

　　一、放棄私心，爲世間謀求幸福，利益他人。

　　二、發展慈心，以慈心對治邪惡和傷害。

　　叁、發展悲心，以大悲心對待一切衆生。

　　當一個人心靈之道獲得發展，在思想上，仁慈之心會日益增長、不再傷害、不自私、充滿了愛心和慈悲心。

　　Right Understanding and Right Thought, which are Wisdom factors, will lead to good, moral conduct. There are three factors under moral conduct: Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood.

　　正見和正思維是屬于慧學，它培養善與道德的真性。

　　Right Speech involves respect for truth and respect for the welfare for others. It means to avoid lying, to avoid backbiting or slander, to avoid harsh speech, and to avoid idle talk. We have often underestimated the power of speech and tend to use little control over our speech faculty. But we have all been hurt by someone”s words at some time of our life, and similarly we have been encouraged by the words of another. It is sa…

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