Righteous Life

　　八圣道的生活：

　　戒Sila

　　正 语Sammàvàca

　　正 业Sammàkammanta

　　正 命Sammà-àjãva

　　定Samàdhi

　　正精进Sammàvàyàma

　　正 念Sammàsati

　　正 定Sammàsamàdhi

　　慧Pa¤¤a

　　正 见Sammàdiññhi

　　正思维Sammàsaïkappa

　　The Eightfold path consists of the following eight factors:

　　Sila (Morality) - Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood

　　Samadhi (Mental culture) - Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration

　　Panna (Wisdom) - Right Understanding, Right Thoughts

　　慧学：

　　What is Right Understanding

　　 It is explained as having the knowledge of the Four Noble Truths. In other words, it is the understanding of things as they really are. Right Understanding also means that one understands the nature of what are wholesome kamma (merits) and unwholesome kamma (demerits), and how they may be performed with the body, speech and mind. By understanding kamma, a person will learn to avoid evil and do good, thereby creating favorable outcomes in his life. When a person has Right Understanding, he also understands the Three Characteristics of Life (that all compounded things are transient, subject to suffering, and without a Self) and understands the Law of Dependent Origination. A person with complete Right Understanding is one who is free from ignorance, and by the nature of that enlightenment removes the roots of evil from his mind and becomes liberated. A lofty aim of a practising Buddhist is to cultivate Wisdom and gain Right Understanding about himself, life and all phenomena.

　　什么是正见？正见就是对四圣谛有所认识，或了解事物的真相。正见也指明了各种善业和不善业，及它们对人类身、语、意的影响。认识「业」以后，人们就懂得远离邪恶和向善，缔造美好的生活。当一个人拥有正见时，他了解人性的三种本质：无常、苦和无我，也了解十二缘起法。当一个人发展了正见之后，觉悟于真性，断除邪恶之根，因此而获得解脱。要达到这个目的，就必须发展智慧，从智慧中获得对自我、对生命和对一切现象的正见。

　　When a person has Right Understanding, he or she develops Right Thought as well. This factor is sometimes known as ”Right Resolution”, ”Right Aspirations" and ”Right Ideas”. It refers to the mental state which eliminates wrong ideas or notions and promotes the other moral factors to be directed to Nibbana. This factor serves a double purpose of eliminating evil thoughts and developing pure thoughts. Right Thought is important because it is one”s thoughts which either purify or defile a person. There are three aspects to Right Thought. First, a person should maintaining an attitude of detachment from worldly pleasures rather than being selfishly attached to them. He should be selfless in his thoughts and think of the welfare of others. Second, he should maintain loving-kindness, goodwill and benevolence in his mind, which is opposed to hatred, ill-will or aversion. Third, he should act with thoughts of harmlessness or compassion to all beings, which is opposed to cruelty and lack of consideration for others. As a person progresses along the spiritual path, his thoughts will become increasingly benevolent, harmless, selfless, and filled with love and compassion.

　　当一个人获得正见后，他将进一步发展正思维，这就是拥有不动摇的心、正确的抱负和正确的思想。在精神境界放弃一切不正确的思想，培养通往涅槃的道德戒行。正思维就是弃除邪恶的思想和培养纯正的思想。正思维是非常重要的，它影响了一个人思想的净化或污染。

　　正思维有三重意义：

　　一、放弃私心，为世间谋求幸福，利益他人。

　　二、发展慈心，以慈心对治邪恶和伤害。

　　三、发展悲心，以大悲心对待一切众生。

　　当一个人心灵之道获得发展，在思想上，仁慈之心会日益增长、不再伤害、不自私、充满了爱心和慈悲心。

　　Right Understanding and Right Thought, which are Wisdom factors, will lead to good, moral conduct. There are three factors under moral conduct: Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood.

　　正见和正思维是属于慧学，它培养善与道德的真性。

　　Right Speech involves respect for truth and respect for the welfare for others. It means to avoid lying, to avoid backbiting or slander, to avoid harsh speech, and to avoid idle talk. We have often underestimated the power of speech and tend to use little control over our speech faculty. But we have all been hurt by someone”s words at some time of our life, and similarly we have been encouraged by the words of another. It is sa…

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