..续本文上一页erson than to live as a wicked person.
佛陀说：「一个没有道德的人，在不安定的日子里活了一百岁，不如一个持戒和有禅定修养的人活一天。」《法句经》
宁可死得有道德和值得尊敬，也不要活得像一个邪恶和狡猾的人。
The remaining three factors of the Noble Eightfold Path are factors for the development of wisdom through the purification of the mind. They are Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. These factors, when practised, enable a person to strengthen and gain control over the mind, thereby ensuring that his actions will continue to be good and that his mind is being prepared to realize the Truth, which will open the door to Freedom, to Enlightenment.
定学：
定学共有三项：正精进、正念和正定。通过定学的锻炼，可以净化自身和获得智慧，也能够更有效的控制我们自己的心识，从而获得智慧和善性，并为我们打开了证悟和解脱的大门。
正精进，就是全面的发展，如：通过不懈努力、坚韧不拔的意志，学习和实践佛法，而获得各方面的进展，这就是正精进。正精进有四种属性。
一、已生恶令灭。
二、未生恶令不生。
三、已生善令增长。
四、未生善令生。
正精进于我们的生活起着决定性的作用，它令我们的精神境界获得充分的发展，让我们更清楚的认识行法的无常性。
Right Effort means that we cultivate a positive attitude and have enthusiasm in the things we do, whether in our career, in our study, or in our practice of the Dhamma. With such a sustained enthusiasm and cheerful determination, we can succeed in the things we do. There are four aspects of Right Effort, two of which refer to evil and the other two to good. First, is the effort to reject evil that has already arisen; and second, the effort to prevent the arising of evil. Third, is the effort to develop unarisen good, and fourth, the effort to maintain the good which has arisen. By applying Right Effort in our lives, we can reduce and eventually eliminate the number of unwholesome mental states and increase and firmly establish wholesome thoughts as a natural part of our mind.
正精进和正念关系密切。身为一个佛教徒，培养正念是必要的。佛陀说过，正念是唯一灭苦的途径。正念(依所缘)有四种：
一、念于身(身念处，观身不净)。
二、念于受(受念处，观受是苦)。
三、念于心(心念处，观心无常)。
四、念于法(法念处，观法无我)。
正念体现于我们日常生活中，我们的一切受、想、行、识都受到「念」的支配。因此，我们生活中，应该非常关注于「念」，使「念」清晰，培养正念。
Right Effort is closely associated with Right Mindfulness. The practice of mindfulness is important in Buddhism. The Buddha said that mindfulness is the one way to achieve the end of suffering. Mindfulness can be developed by being constantly aware of four particular aspects. These are the application of mindfulness with regard to the body (body postures, breathing so forth), feelings (whether pleasant, unpleasant or neutrally); mind (whether the mind is greedy or not, angry, dispersed or deluded or not); and mind objects (whether there are mental hindrances to concentration, the Four Noble Truths, and so on). Mindfulness is essential even in our daily life in which we act in full awareness of our actions, feelings and thoughts as well as that of our environment. The mind should always be clear and attentive rather than distracted and clouded. Whereas Right Mindfulness is directing our attention to our body, feelings, mind, or mental object or being sensitive to others, in other words, putting our attention to where we choose to, Right Concentration is the sustained application of that attention on the object without the mind being distracted.
Concentration is the practice of developing one-pointedness of the mind on one single object, either physical or mental. The mind is totally absorbed in the object without distractions, wavering, anxiety or drowsiness. Through practice under an experienced teacher, Right Concentration brings two benefits. Firstly, it leads to mental and physical well-being, comfort, joy, calm, tranquility. Secondly, it turns the mind into an instrument capable of seeing things as they truly are, and prepares the mind to attain wisdom. The Noble Eightfold Path is the fourth important truth taught by the Buddha. As a competent spiritual physician, the Buddha has identified a disease that afflicts all forms of life, and this is Dukkha or unsatisfactoriness. He then diagnosed the cause of the unsatisfactoriness to be selfish greed and craving. He discovered that there is a cure for the disease, Nibbana, the state where all unsatisfactoriness ceases. And the prescription is the Noble Eightfold Path. When a competent doctor treats a patient for a serious illness, his prescription is not only for physical treatment, but it is also psychological. The Noble Eightfold path, the path leading to the end of suffering, is an integrated therapy designed to cure the disease of Samsara through the cultivation of moral speech and action, the development of the mind, and the complete transformation of one”s level of understanding and quality of thought. It shows the way to gain spiritual maturity and be released completely from suffering.
正念影响了我们的身、受、心与法，及其它一切的有关行为。因此，导致于我们向往「定」。正定导致我们无论在精神或肉体，都能获得「专注」(心一境性)的能力，心识关注于一个目标，不受外在所有因素的影响。通过正确的途径锻炼正念，可获得两种利益。
一、在身心方面获得平静、舒适和欢愉。
二、提升心的洞察力，生起观想事物本性的能力，进而引发智慧。
八圣道是佛陀教义中的精粹。是完整的心灵发展的原动力。是佛陀为众生找出的病源──苦，和诊治的唯一方法。「苦」的根源就是欲念和贪，当消除欲念和贪后，就能轻易的进入无苦的涅槃，这就是八圣道的真正定义。当一位高明的医生在为病人诊治严重的疾病时，他不单治疗病人的肉体，也给病人做了精神的辅导。八圣道是灭苦的唯一途径，同时也是对治轮回的良方，发展我们的心识和提升我们的本质，它指示了如何获得心灵纯净和通往无苦境界的道路。
《八圣道的生活 Righteous Life》全文阅读结束。