..续本文上一页id that a harsh word can wound more deeply than weapons, where as a gentle word can change the heart and mind of the most hardened criminal. So to develop a harmonious society, we should cultivate and use our speech positively. We speak words which are truthful, bring harmony, kind and meaningful. The Buddha once said ”pleasant speech is sweet as honey, truthful speech is beautiful like a flower, and wrong speech is unwholesome like filth”.

　　戒学：

　　戒学分三类：正语、正业、正命。

　　正语即尊重于真理及他人的福利。也就是不撒谎、不毁谤、不造谣、不奉承及不胡言乱语。我们经常忽略了语言的威力，因此不关注于语言。

　　但是，我们无时无刻都受到语言的伤害，语言有时候比武器要来得厉害。有时候，因为一句话改变了你的想法，或因此导致犯罪。要发展和谐的社会，就必须先控制不良语言和使用正面的语言，只说一些真实、平和、善良和有意义的话。佛陀说：「令人愉快的言语，像蜜糖一样甜，真实的言语，像鲜花一样芳香，不正确的言语却像污秽物。」

　　The next factor under good, moral conduct is Right Action. Right Action entails respect for life, respect for property, and respect for personal relationships. It corresponds to the first three of the Five Precepts to be practised by every Buddhist, that is, dear to all, and all tremble at punishment, all fear death and value life. Hence, we should abstain from taking a life which we ourselves cannot give and we should not harm other sentient beings. Respect for property means that we should not take what is not given, by stealing, cheating, or force. Respect for personal relationship means that we should not commit adultery and avoid sexual misconducts, which is important for maintaining the love and trust of those we love as well as making our society a better place to live in.

　　正业是戒学中的第二项。正业就是珍惜生命、珍惜财物和珍惜人与人之间的关系。正业和五戒中的前三戒息息相关，那就是不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫。生命比一切都珍贵，大家都害怕被惩罚，珍惜生命畏惧于死亡。我们在珍惜自己生命的同时，也应该更爱惜其他众生的生命，不要对其他众生造成伤害。珍惜财物就是：那些不属于我们的财物，不要据为己有，比如：偷盗、欺骗或抢夺。珍惜人与人之间的关系就是：不要搞正常婚姻以外的性关系，要信任和爱护自己的配偶。通过正业，我们能缔造一个更平稳和更适合人类居住的社会。

　　Right Livelihood is a factor under moral conduct which refers to how we earn our living in society. It is an extension of the two other factors of Right Speech and Right Action which refer to the respect for truth, life, property and personal relationships. Right Livelihood means that we should earn a living without violating these principles of a moral conduct. Buddhists are discouraged from being engaged in the following five kinds of livelihood: trading in human beings, trading in weapons, trading in flesh, trading in intoxicating drinks and drugs, and trading in poison. Some people may say that they have to do such a business for their living and, therefore, it is not wrong for them to do so. But this argument is entirely baseless. If it were valid, then thieves, murderers, gangsters, thugs, smugglers and swindlers can also just as easily say that they are also doing such unrighteous acts only for their living and, therefore, there is nothing wrong with their way of life. Some people believe that fishing and hunting animals for pleasure and slaughtering animals for food are not against the Buddhist precepts. This is another misconception that arises owing to a lack of knowledge in Dhamma. All these are not decent actions and bring suffering to other beings. But in all these actions, the one who is harmed most of all is the one who performs these unwholesome actions. Maintaining a life through wrong means is not in accordance with the Buddha”s teaching.

　　正命是戒学中的第三项。正命指示了人类在这个社会中如何获得生存的权力。正语和正业之道指导我们如何珍惜生命、财物和人与人之间的关系。正命却指示了我们如何在不违反道德准则中生活。佛教徒应该远离五种不道德的行业：人口买卖、武器买卖、肉类买卖、酒类和麻醉品买卖和毒品买卖。有些人说，他们从事这类的买卖是为了 生活，所以他们并没有犯错。但是，这种说法并没有说服力，如果他们没有错，那么，小偷、杀人犯、歹徒、凶手、走私犯和骗子，也可以这么说：他们从事这些不正当的行业并没有错，同样是为了生活。

　　有人认为钓鱼和狩猎是一种高尚的娱乐，屠宰动物是为了食物，因此并不犯戒。这是一种错误的观念，是因为对佛法缺乏认识的缘故，这些都不是高尚的生活方式，任何生类都不应该对其他生类造成伤害。这些伤害都是一些没有必要的伤害。对生命抱着错误的观念，并非佛陀所教。

　　The Buddha once said, ”Though one should live a hundred years immorally and unrestrained, yet it would indeed be better to live one day virtuously and meditatively.” (Dhammapada 103) It is better to die as a cultured and respected p…

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