..續本文上一頁hidhamma Pitaka is composed of the following works:--
Dhamma-Sangani (Enumeration of Phenomena) Vibhanga (The Book of the Treatises) Katha Vatthu (Point of Controversy) Puggala Pannatti (Description of Inpiduals) Dhatu Katha (Discussion with reference to Elements) Yamaka (The Book of Pairs) Patthana (The Book of Relations) According to another classification, mentioned by the Buddha Himself, the whole Teachings is ninefold, namely ---1. Sutta, 2. Geyya, 3. Veyyakarama, 4. Gatha, 5. Udana, 6. Itivuttaka, 7. Jataka, 8. Abbhutadhamma, 9. Vedalla. Sutta
These are the short, medium, and long discourses expounded by the Buddha on various occasions, such as Mangala Sutta (Discourse on Blessings), Ratana Sutta (The Jewel Discourse), Metta Sutta(Discourse on Goodwill), etc. According to the Commentary the whole Vinaya Pitaka is also included in this pision. Geyya _These are discourses mixed with Gathas or verses, such as the Sagathavagga of the Samyutta Nikaya. Veyyakarana --- Lit. exposition. The whole Abhidhamma Pitaka, discourses without verses, and everything that is not included in the remaining eight pisions belong to this class. Gatha --- These include verses found in the Dhammapada (Way of Truth), Theragatha (Psalms of the Brethren). Therigatha (Psalms of the Sisters), and those isolated verses which are not classed amongst the Sutta. Udana _These are the ”Paeons of Joy” found in the Udana, one of the pisions of the Khuddaka Nikaya. Itivuttaka _ These are the 112 discourses which commence with the phrases _ ”Thus the Blessed One has Said”. Itivuttaka is one of the fifteen books that comprise the Khuddaka Nikaya. Jataka _ These are the 547 birth-stories related by the Buddha in connection with His previous births. Abbhutadhamma _ These are the few discourses that deal with wonderful and marvelous things, as for example the Accariya-Abbhutadhamma Sutta of the Majjhima Nikaya (No. 123). Vedalla _ These are the pleasurable discourses, such as Chulla Vedalla, Maha Vedalla (M. N. Nos 43,44), Samma Ditthi Sutta (M. N. No. 9), etc. In some of these discourses, the answers give to certain questions were put with a feeling of joy.
論藏,對一個肯思考的人來說,是重要和有意義的。它包含了佛教所有高深的哲理,與經藏深入淺出的說教方式,剛好成爲一個強烈的對比。經藏中所提出的問題,是屬于個人或衆生。但是,在論藏中不同于這些傳統的名目,我們面對的是一些探索生命本質的名詞,如:假合、名、色等等。在經藏中所記載的是普通的教義(普法,ohara Desana),在論藏中所記載的是究竟的教義(對法,Paramattha Desana)。
在論藏中,每一件事物都加以詳細的分析和說明,因此稱爲分析的教義。
論藏中包含了四種有關于生命終極的究竟法 (Paramattha), 它們是:心法(Citta)、心所法(Cetasa)、色法(Rūpa)和涅槃法(Nibbàna)。這四種究竟法,對衆生進行了細微的分析和詳細的解說,一切都是因緣條件和四大的假合。最後,它更將所有有關于達到終極目標的方法和細節都加以更詳細的分析和解釋。
論藏包括以下七部經典:
一、法集論(Dhammasaïgaõã)
二、分別論(Vibhaïga)
叁、界 論(Dhàtukathà)
四、人施設論(Puggalapa¤¤atti)
五、論 事(Kathàvatthu)
六、雙 論(Yamaka)
七、發趣論(Paññhàna)
另一種對叁藏寶典的分類法是根據佛陀的論說,而分爲九類(九分教):
一、契經(Sutta):散文體,是佛陀在各種場合宣說的各種長、中、短的經文、如:《祝福經》(Mangala Suttaü)、《寶經》(Ratana Suttaü)和《慈心經》(Metta Suttaü)等。律藏的全部經文都屬于這個體裁。
二、重頌(Geyya):以散文體的論說于前,偈頌結尾,有重新宣示之意。如:《相應部經》等等。
叁、記說(Veyyàkaraõa):即廣分別說,整部論藏都屬于這類,在叁藏中除了其它八類外,都全部屬于這類。
四、偈頌(Gàthà):詩偈體,全部經文以詩偈誦出。如《法句經》、《長老偈經》、《長老尼偈經》等。
五、自說(Udàna):是佛陀即興發表的言說。這類經文一部分收錄在《小部》 中。
六、本事(Itivuttaka):共有一百一十二部經。每部經都以「如是我聞」作爲開始。也是《小部》十五部中之一。
七、本生(Jàtaka):收錄了五百四十七個佛陀自說過去世因緣的故事。
八、稀有法(Abbhuta dhamma):解說一切絕妙稀有的事,如:《稀有法經》(《中部》第 123 經)。
九、方廣(Vedalla):意義方廣大的經文,如:《大毗陀羅經》(《中部》第 43 經)、《毗陀羅經》(《中部》第 44 經)、《正見經》(《中部》第 9 經)等。這些都是佛陀回答發問者而令他們充滿法喜的經文。
《第五章 佛學基礎 Chapter 5 Basic Doctrines Tri-Pitaka (or Tipitaka)》全文閱讀結束。