..续本文上一页hidhamma Pitaka is composed of the following works:--
Dhamma-Sangani (Enumeration of Phenomena) Vibhanga (The Book of the Treatises) Katha Vatthu (Point of Controversy) Puggala Pannatti (Description of Inpiduals) Dhatu Katha (Discussion with reference to Elements) Yamaka (The Book of Pairs) Patthana (The Book of Relations) According to another classification, mentioned by the Buddha Himself, the whole Teachings is ninefold, namely ---1. Sutta, 2. Geyya, 3. Veyyakarama, 4. Gatha, 5. Udana, 6. Itivuttaka, 7. Jataka, 8. Abbhutadhamma, 9. Vedalla. Sutta
These are the short, medium, and long discourses expounded by the Buddha on various occasions, such as Mangala Sutta (Discourse on Blessings), Ratana Sutta (The Jewel Discourse), Metta Sutta(Discourse on Goodwill), etc. According to the Commentary the whole Vinaya Pitaka is also included in this pision. Geyya _These are discourses mixed with Gathas or verses, such as the Sagathavagga of the Samyutta Nikaya. Veyyakarana --- Lit. exposition. The whole Abhidhamma Pitaka, discourses without verses, and everything that is not included in the remaining eight pisions belong to this class. Gatha --- These include verses found in the Dhammapada (Way of Truth), Theragatha (Psalms of the Brethren). Therigatha (Psalms of the Sisters), and those isolated verses which are not classed amongst the Sutta. Udana _These are the ”Paeons of Joy” found in the Udana, one of the pisions of the Khuddaka Nikaya. Itivuttaka _ These are the 112 discourses which commence with the phrases _ ”Thus the Blessed One has Said”. Itivuttaka is one of the fifteen books that comprise the Khuddaka Nikaya. Jataka _ These are the 547 birth-stories related by the Buddha in connection with His previous births. Abbhutadhamma _ These are the few discourses that deal with wonderful and marvelous things, as for example the Accariya-Abbhutadhamma Sutta of the Majjhima Nikaya (No. 123). Vedalla _ These are the pleasurable discourses, such as Chulla Vedalla, Maha Vedalla (M. N. Nos 43,44), Samma Ditthi Sutta (M. N. No. 9), etc. In some of these discourses, the answers give to certain questions were put with a feeling of joy.
论藏,对一个肯思考的人来说,是重要和有意义的。它包含了佛教所有高深的哲理,与经藏深入浅出的说教方式,刚好成为一个强烈的对比。经藏中所提出的问题,是属于个人或众生。但是,在论藏中不同于这些传统的名目,我们面对的是一些探索生命本质的名词,如:假合、名、色等等。在经藏中所记载的是普通的教义(普法,ohara Desana),在论藏中所记载的是究竟的教义(对法,Paramattha Desana)。
在论藏中,每一件事物都加以详细的分析和说明,因此称为分析的教义。
论藏中包含了四种有关于生命终极的究竟法 (Paramattha), 它们是:心法(Citta)、心所法(Cetasa)、色法(Rūpa)和涅槃法(Nibbàna)。这四种究竟法,对众生进行了细微的分析和详细的解说,一切都是因缘条件和四大的假合。最后,它更将所有有关于达到终极目标的方法和细节都加以更详细的分析和解释。
论藏包括以下七部经典:
一、法集论(Dhammasaïgaõã)
二、分别论(Vibhaïga)
三、界 论(Dhàtukathà)
四、人施设论(Puggalapa¤¤atti)
五、论 事(Kathàvatthu)
六、双 论(Yamaka)
七、发趣论(Paññhàna)
另一种对三藏宝典的分类法是根据佛陀的论说,而分为九类(九分教):
一、契经(Sutta):散文体,是佛陀在各种场合宣说的各种长、中、短的经文、如:《祝福经》(Mangala Suttaü)、《宝经》(Ratana Suttaü)和《慈心经》(Metta Suttaü)等。律藏的全部经文都属于这个体裁。
二、重颂(Geyya):以散文体的论说于前,偈颂结尾,有重新宣示之意。如:《相应部经》等等。
三、记说(Veyyàkaraõa):即广分别说,整部论藏都属于这类,在三藏中除了其它八类外,都全部属于这类。
四、偈颂(Gàthà):诗偈体,全部经文以诗偈诵出。如《法句经》、《长老偈经》、《长老尼偈经》等。
五、自说(Udàna):是佛陀即兴发表的言说。这类经文一部分收录在《小部》 中。
六、本事(Itivuttaka):共有一百一十二部经。每部经都以「如是我闻」作为开始。也是《小部》十五部中之一。
七、本生(Jàtaka):收录了五百四十七个佛陀自说过去世因缘的故事。
八、稀有法(Abbhuta dhamma):解说一切绝妙稀有的事,如:《稀有法经》(《中部》第 123 经)。
九、方广(Vedalla):意义方广大的经文,如:《大毗陀罗经》(《中部》第 43 经)、《毗陀罗经》(《中部》第 44 经)、《正见经》(《中部》第 9 经)等。这些都是佛陀回答发问者而令他们充满法喜的经文。
《第五章 佛学基础 Chapter 5 Basic Doctrines Tri-Pitaka (or Tipitaka)》全文阅读结束。