..续本文上一页ngha. Later, as the occasion arose, the Buddha promulgated rules for the future discipline of the Sangha.

　　This Pitaka consists of the five following books:---

　　Parajika Pali (Major Offences) Pacittiya Pali (Minor Offences) Mahavagga Pali (Greater Section) Cullavagga Pali (Smaller Section) Parivara Pali (Epitome of the Vinaya)

　　律藏记录了比库和比库尼生活的戒律。它详细的记载了佛陀所教化的戒律和道德生活的渐次进展。它也记载了佛陀弘法的生涯，也间接的记载了当时印度的历史、风俗、习惯、艺术和科学等有价值的史料。

　　佛陀证悟后的二十年内，并没有订立任何戒律。后来僧团逐渐庞大，所带来的问题也多了，因此，佛陀开始为僧团制定戒律。

　　在律藏中保留至今的五种：

　　一、巴拉基嘎 (Pàràjika，古译：波罗夷)。

　　二、巴吉帝亚 (Pàcittiya，古译：波逸提)。

　　三、大品律 (Mahā-vagga)。

　　四、小品律 (Cullaagga)。

　　五、附随 (Parivāra)。

　　Sutta Pitaka

　　The Sutta Pitaka consists chiefly of discourses delivered by the Buddha Himself on various occasions. There are also a few discourses delivered by some of His distinguished disciples, such as the Venerable Sariputta, Ananda, Moggallana, etc., included in it. It is like a book of prescriptions, as the sermons embodied therein were expounded to suit the different occasions and the temperaments of various persons. There may be seemingly contradictory statements, but they should not be misconstrued as they were opportunely uttered by the Buddha to suit a particular purpose.

　　This Pitaka is pided into five Nikayas or collections, viz:--

　　Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses) Majjhima Nikaya (Collection of Middle-length Discourses) Samyutta Nikaya (Collection of Kindred Sayings) Anguttara Nikaya (Collection of Discourses arranged in accordance with number) Khuddaka Nikaya(Smaller Collection) The fifth is subpided into fifteen books:--- Khuddaka Patha (Shorter Texts) Dhammapada (The Way of Truth) Udana (Heartfelt sayings or Paeons of Joy) Iti Vuttaka (”Thus said" Discourses) Sutta Nipata (Collected Discourses) Vimana Vatthu (Stories of Celestial Mansions) Peta Vatthu (Stories of Petas) Theragatha (Psalms of the Brethren) Therigatha (Psalms of the Sisters) Jataka (Birth Stories) Niddesa (Expositions) Patisambhida (Analytical Knowledge) Apadana (Lives of Saints) Buddhavamsa (The History of Buddha) Cariya Pitaka (Modes of Conduct)

　　经藏：

　　经藏主要收录了佛陀在各种场合所讲述的教义。其中也包括了佛陀的弟子如：沙利子 (Sàriputta)、阿难达 (ânanda) 和马哈摩嘎喇那 (Mahàmoggallàna) 等的弘法记录。经藏是一套非常究竟的经典，佛陀为了弘扬佛法，将这些教义善巧的加以解说，以适应各种不同的环境和不同性格或理解力的人。

　　经藏分为五大部：

　　一、长部 (Dãghanikàya)

　　二、中部 (Majjhimanikàya)

　　三、相应部 (Saüyuttanikàya)

　　四、增支部 (Aïguttaranikàya)

　　五、小部 (Khuddakanikàya)

　　小部经藏共收录了十五部经：

　　1、小诵(Khuddaka patha)

　　2、法句(Dhammapada)

　　3、自说(Udana)

　　4、如是语(Itivuttaka)

　　5、经集(Suttanipata)

　　6、天宫事(Vimanavatthu)

　　7、饿鬼事(Petavatthu)

　　8、长老偈(Theragatha)

　　9、长老尼偈(Therigatha)

　　10、本生(Jataka)

　　11、义释(Nidesa)

　　12、无碍解道(Patisambhidamagga)

　　13、譬喻(Apadana)

　　14、佛种姓(Buddhavamsa)

　　15、所行藏(Caciyapitaka)

　　Abhidhamma Pitaka

　　论藏(阿毗达摩)：

　　The Abhidhamma is, to a deep thinker, the most important and interesting, as it contains the profound philosophy of the Buddha”s teaching in contrast to the illuminating but simpler discourses in the Sutta Pitaka.

　　In the Sutta Pitaka one often finds references to inpidual, being, etc., but in the Abhidhamma, instead of such conventional terms, we meet with ultimate terms, such as aggregates, mind, matter, etc.

　　In the Sutta is found the Vohara Desana (Conventional Teaching), whilst in the Abhidhamma is found the Paramattha Desana (Ultimate Doctrine).

　　In the Abhidhamma everything is analysed and explained in detail, and as such it is called analytical doctrine (Vibhajja Vada).

　　Four ultimate things (Paramattha) are enumerated in the Abhidhamma. They are Citta, (Consciousness), Cetasika (Mental concomitants), Rupa (Matter) and Nibbana.

　　The so-called being is microscopically analysed and its component parts are minutely described. Finally the ultimate goal and the method to achieve it is explained with all necessary details.

　　The Ab…

《第五章 佛学基础 Chapter 5 Basic Doctrines Tri-Pitaka (or Tipitaka)》全文未完，请进入下页继续阅读…