..續本文上一頁ngha. Later, as the occasion arose, the Buddha promulgated rules for the future discipline of the Sangha.

　　This Pitaka consists of the five following books:---

　　Parajika Pali (Major Offences) Pacittiya Pali (Minor Offences) Mahavagga Pali (Greater Section) Cullavagga Pali (Smaller Section) Parivara Pali (Epitome of the Vinaya)

　　律藏記錄了比庫和比庫尼生活的戒律。它詳細的記載了佛陀所教化的戒律和道德生活的漸次進展。它也記載了佛陀弘法的生涯，也間接的記載了當時印度的曆史、風俗、習慣、藝術和科學等有價值的史料。

　　佛陀證悟後的二十年內，並沒有訂立任何戒律。後來僧團逐漸龐大，所帶來的問題也多了，因此，佛陀開始爲僧團製定戒律。

　　在律藏中保留至今的五種：

　　一、巴拉基嘎 (Pàràjika，古譯：波羅夷)。

　　二、巴吉帝亞 (Pàcittiya，古譯：波逸提)。

　　叁、大品律 (Mahā-vagga)。

　　四、小品律 (Cullaagga)。

　　五、附隨 (Parivāra)。

　　Sutta Pitaka

　　The Sutta Pitaka consists chiefly of discourses delivered by the Buddha Himself on various occasions. There are also a few discourses delivered by some of His distinguished disciples, such as the Venerable Sariputta, Ananda, Moggallana, etc., included in it. It is like a book of prescriptions, as the sermons embodied therein were expounded to suit the different occasions and the temperaments of various persons. There may be seemingly contradictory statements, but they should not be misconstrued as they were opportunely uttered by the Buddha to suit a particular purpose.

　　This Pitaka is pided into five Nikayas or collections, viz:--

　　Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses) Majjhima Nikaya (Collection of Middle-length Discourses) Samyutta Nikaya (Collection of Kindred Sayings) Anguttara Nikaya (Collection of Discourses arranged in accordance with number) Khuddaka Nikaya(Smaller Collection) The fifth is subpided into fifteen books:--- Khuddaka Patha (Shorter Texts) Dhammapada (The Way of Truth) Udana (Heartfelt sayings or Paeons of Joy) Iti Vuttaka (”Thus said" Discourses) Sutta Nipata (Collected Discourses) Vimana Vatthu (Stories of Celestial Mansions) Peta Vatthu (Stories of Petas) Theragatha (Psalms of the Brethren) Therigatha (Psalms of the Sisters) Jataka (Birth Stories) Niddesa (Expositions) Patisambhida (Analytical Knowledge) Apadana (Lives of Saints) Buddhavamsa (The History of Buddha) Cariya Pitaka (Modes of Conduct)

　　經藏：

　　經藏主要收錄了佛陀在各種場合所講述的教義。其中也包括了佛陀的弟子如：沙利子 (Sàriputta)、阿難達 (ânanda) 和馬哈摩嘎喇那 (Mahàmoggallàna) 等的弘法記錄。經藏是一套非常究竟的經典，佛陀爲了弘揚佛法，將這些教義善巧的加以解說，以適應各種不同的環境和不同性格或理解力的人。

　　經藏分爲五大部：

　　一、長部 (Dãghanikàya)

　　二、中部 (Majjhimanikàya)

　　叁、相應部 (Saüyuttanikàya)

　　四、增支部 (Aïguttaranikàya)

　　五、小部 (Khuddakanikàya)

　　小部經藏共收錄了十五部經：

　　1、小誦(Khuddaka patha)

　　2、法句(Dhammapada)

　　3、自說(Udana)

　　4、如是語(Itivuttaka)

　　5、經集(Suttanipata)

　　6、天宮事(Vimanavatthu)

　　7、餓鬼事(Petavatthu)

　　8、長老偈(Theragatha)

　　9、長老尼偈(Therigatha)

　　10、本生(Jataka)

　　11、義釋(Nidesa)

　　12、無礙解道(Patisambhidamagga)

　　13、譬喻(Apadana)

　　14、佛種姓(Buddhavamsa)

　　15、所行藏(Caciyapitaka)

　　Abhidhamma Pitaka

　　論藏(阿毗達摩)：

　　The Abhidhamma is, to a deep thinker, the most important and interesting, as it contains the profound philosophy of the Buddha”s teaching in contrast to the illuminating but simpler discourses in the Sutta Pitaka.

　　In the Sutta Pitaka one often finds references to inpidual, being, etc., but in the Abhidhamma, instead of such conventional terms, we meet with ultimate terms, such as aggregates, mind, matter, etc.

　　In the Sutta is found the Vohara Desana (Conventional Teaching), whilst in the Abhidhamma is found the Paramattha Desana (Ultimate Doctrine).

　　In the Abhidhamma everything is analysed and explained in detail, and as such it is called analytical doctrine (Vibhajja Vada).

　　Four ultimate things (Paramattha) are enumerated in the Abhidhamma. They are Citta, (Consciousness), Cetasika (Mental concomitants), Rupa (Matter) and Nibbana.

　　The so-called being is microscopically analysed and its component parts are minutely described. Finally the ultimate goal and the method to achieve it is explained with all necessary details.

　　The Ab…

《第五章 佛學基礎 Chapter 5 Basic Doctrines Tri-Pitaka (or Tipitaka)》全文未完，請進入下頁繼續閱讀…