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什么是nimitta?nimitta是什么意思?

在、南传佛教英文辞典中都找到了“什么是nimitta”在不同出处下的解释,请查阅下面的答案。
【南传佛教英文辞典】对“什么是nimitta”的解释

  mark,  sign;  image;  target,  object;  cause,  condition.  These  meanings  are  used  in,  and  adapted  to,  many  contexts  of  which  only  the  doctrinal  ones  are  mentioned  here.
1.”Mental  (reflex-)  image”,  obtained  in  meditation.  In  full  clarity,  it  will  appear  in  the  mind  by  successful  practice  of  certain  concentration-exercises  and  will  then  appear  as  vividly  as  if  seen  by  the  eye.  The  object  perceived  at  the  very  beginning  of  concentration  is  called  the  preparatory  image  (parikamma-nimitta).  The  still  unsteady  and  unclear  image,  which  arises  when  the  mind  has  reached  a  weak  degree  of  concentration,  is  called  the  acquired  image  (uggaha-nimitta).  An  entirely  clear  and  immovable  image  arising  at  a  higher  degree  of  concentration  is  the  counter-image  (patibha^ga-nimitta).  As  soon  as  this  image  arises,  the  stage  of  neighbourhood  (or  access)  concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi)  is  reached.  For  further  details,  s.  kasina,  sama^dhi.
2.”Sign  of  (previous)  kamma”  (kamma-nimitta)  and  ”sign  of  (the  future)  destiny”  (gati-nimitta);  these  arise  as  mental  objects  of  the  last  karmic  consciousness  before  death  (marana^sanna-kamma;  s.  karma,  III,  3).
Usages  (1)  and  (2)  are  commentarial  (s.  App.).  In  sutta  usage,  the  term  occurs,  e.g.  as:
3.”Outward  appearance”:  of  one  who  has  sense-control  it  is  said-  that  "he  does  not  seize  upon  the  general  appearance”  of  an  object  (na  nimittagga^hi^;  M.  38,  D.  2;  expl.  Vis  I,  54f;  see  si^la).
4.”Object”:  the  six  objects,  i.e.  visual,  etc.  (rúpa-nimitta;  S.  XXII,  3).  Also,  when  in  explanation  of  animitta-cetovimutti,  signless  deliverance  of  mind  (s.  cetovimutti,  vimokkha),  it  is  said,  ”sabba-nimitta^nam  amanasika^ra^”,  it  refers  to  the  6  sense-objects  (Com.  to  M.  43),  and  has  therefore  to  be  rendered  "by  paying  no  attention  to  any  object  (or  object-ideas)."  -  A  pleasant  or  beautiful  object  (subha-nimitta,  q.v.)  is  a  condition  to  the  arising  of  the  hindrance  of  sense-desire;  a  ”repellent  object”  (patigha-nimitta)  for  the  hindrance  of  ill-will;  contemplation  on  the  impurity  of  an  object  (asubha-nimitta;  s.  asubha)  is  an  antidote  to  sense-desire.
5.  In  Pts.M.  II,  in  a  repetitive  series  of  terms,  nimitta  appears  together  with  uppa^do  (origin  of  existence),  pavattam  (continuity  of  existence),  and  may  then  be  rendered  by  ”condition  of  existence”  (s.  Path,  194f.).

【南传佛教英文辞典】对“什么是nimitta”的解释

  As  signifying  the  mental  reflex-image  occurring  in  meditation,  this  term,  singly  or  in  compounds  (parikkamma-,  uggaha-,  patibha^ga-n.),  is  found  only  in  the  Com.,  Vis.M.,  etc.  The  same  holds  good  for  kamma-nimitta,  gati-nimitta.

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