..续本文上一页家庭中，他生活得很愉快，他那幸福的生活背景，为他提供了一个善业运转的机会。即使他并不聪明，因为善业的果报而令他出生在富贵之家，他将因为他的家庭、他的父母而受到他人的尊敬。同样的，当一个人出生在不好的生活背景，他就不会有同样的待遇了。

　　Good appearance (upadhi sampatti) and poor appearance (upadhi vipatti)are two other factors that hinder or favor the working of kamma. If by some good kamma, a person obtains a good birth, but is born deformed by some bad kamma, then he will not be able to fully enjoy the beneficial results of his good kamma. Even a legitimate heir to a throne may not perhaps be raised to that high position if he happens to be physically or mentally deformed. Beauty, on the other hand, will be an asset to the possessor. A good-looking son of poor parents may attract the attention of others and may be able to distinguish himself through their influence. Also, we can find cases of people from poor, obscure family backgrounds who rise to fame and popularity as film actors or actresses or beauty queens.

　　美好的外表和不美好的外表，也是两个重要的因素。它可以妨碍或协助业力的运作。有人因善业的果报而得到好的出身，可是这好的出身又被某些恶业所阻扰，那么，他将不能充分的享用他的善报。这好比一位王储，因为身心的缺陷而无法继承王位。外表美观也是一种善报，即使他生长在贫穷的家庭，他一样能发挥影响力，我们会发现，有些人从低贱或贫穷的生活背景中，崛起而成为家喻户晓的人物。时间和环境条件也是影响业力的两大因素。当生于饥荒或战乱的时代，大家都被迫生活在同样的生活背景，接受同样的苦难和同样的命运安排。这种不如意的生活背景也可能是恶业的显现。在另一方面，好的时间或好的环境条件也可以阻碍恶业的运作。

　　Time and occasion are other factors that influence the working of kamma. In the time of famine or during the time of war, all people without exception are forced to suffer the same fate. Here the unfavorable conditions open up possibilities for evil kamma to operate. The favorable conditions, on the other hand, will prevent the operation of bad kamma.

　　努力和才智是影响业力运作的最主要的因素。没有努力，无知和精神方面都不可能获得进展。一个人如果不努力的去克服自己的困难和治疗自己的疾病，或勤奋的使自己精进，那么，他的恶业种子将得到适当的因缘而萌芽。如果他努力的去克服困难，那么，善业将协助他，让他获得全面的发展。在佛陀《本生经》故事中，在佛陀的某一世，佛陀还是菩萨的时候，有一回，这位菩萨乘船出海，遇到海难，全船的人都在祈求神明的保佑，而菩萨却努力于寻求自救和救护他的母亲，结果船沉了，全船的人都淹死了，只有菩萨和他的母亲得救。

　　Effort or intelligence is perhaps the most important of all the factors that affect the working of kamma. Without effort, both worldly and spiritual progress is impossible. If a person makes no effort to cure himself of a disease or to save himself from his difficulties, or to strive with diligence for his progress, then his evil kamma will find a suitable opportunity to produce its due effects. However, if he endeavours to surmount his difficulties, his good kamma will come to help him. When shipwrecked in a deep sea, the Bodhisatta during one of his previous births, made an effort to save himself and his old mother, while the others prayed to the gods and left their fate in the hands of these gods. The result was that the Bodhisatta escaped while the others were drowned.

　　业力的运作与出生背景、时间或环境条件、外表、个人的才智和努力息息相关。虽然有些人尝试透过其它种种的方法来抑制业力的运作，但是，只要他还处在于生死轮回的境界里，他就无法脱离业力的束缚。只要因缘一成熟，他以往所抑制的业力照样萌发。这是世俗生活中不可易变的定律，就连已是最后一生佛陀和阿拉汉，也无法避免，还是一样要受到业力的召感。

　　Thus the working of kamma is aided or obstructed by birth, beauty and ugliness, time and personal effort or intelligence. However, man can overcome immediate karmic effects by adopting certain methods. Yet, he is not free from such karmic effects if he remains within this Samsara

　　 cycle of birth and death. Whenever opportunities arise the same karmic effects that he overcame, can affect him again. This is the uncertainty of worldly life. Even the Buddha and Arahantas were affected by certain kammas, although they were in their final birth.

　　时间是人们体验业力的另一种因素，人们只能在这一世体验某些果报，有些果报要到下一世才会成熟。有些果报要等到停止生死轮回证悟涅槃后才消失。这主要的原因在于最初的发心和愿力(Jaana Ctta)，导致他的心识向善或向恶的方面发展。

　　The time factor is another important aspect of the karmic energy for people to experience the good and bad effects. People experience certain karmic effects only within this lifetime while certain karmic effects become effective immediately hereafter the next birth. And certain other karmic effects follow the doers as long as they remain in this wheel of existence until they stop the…

《业力 What is Kamma

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