..續本文上一頁filements, the birth-death and liberation problems of sentient beings; he took the mind-nature theory of Ch”an Sect as the center to comment the teachings of Mahaayaana and Hiinayaana Buddhism and the doctrine of different schools.

　　According to Yanshou, among the Buddhist sects established in Sui and Tang Dynasties, only the doctrine of Huayan School accords most with Ch”an Sect. Through the reference to Huayan School”s theories of suchness (the tathaagata mind, the dharma nature), dependent origination of dharma realm, perfect integration of noumena and phenomena, and “the inter-penetration of the true and the delusive,” he described that the Buddha nature is the reality of the world; that it is inter-being and inter-penetration between mental defilements and enlightenment, the other shore of liberation and the this shore of mundane, the sentient beings and the Buddha, etc. He also provided the theoretical basis for his “mutual practice of noumena and phenomena,” and “integration of ch”an and doctrine” through this kind of inference. Since the noumena and phenomena are perfectly integrated, the self realization of mind-nature and the practice of various teachings should go hand in hand with no obstruction; the Ch”an Sect whose objectives are “to transmit the mind” and “to see the nature” should also harmonize with other schools of teachings.

　　Yanshou is the first one to point out the concept of “understanding the mind.” According to him, “understanding the mind” means the same as “seeing the nature,” “understanding the objective,” and “realizing the nature.” They all mean the realization of self nature (Buddha nature, Tathaagata-garbha, self-nature pure mind), and the understanding of Buddha”s existing in one”s mind. He claimed that a ch”an monk should practise not only “the noumena deeds” but also “the phenomena deeds.” Meanwhile, he expounded the Huayan School”s spontaneous teaching of “perfect integration.” He claims that once one realizes the Tathaagata self-nature, one is enlightened and liberated

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　　immediately, i.e. “realizing the mind to become Buddha,” “becoming Buddha at one thought.” However, Yanshou also emphasized the real life and opined that one should practise the six paaramitaas and the infinite virtues, and experience the different stages of realization. This has never been mentioned by the ch”an masters before him.

　　Key words: 1. Yangming Yanshou 2. theory of mind-nature 3. one-mindness

　　4. noumena and phenomena

　　 5. understanding the mind and seeing the nature

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