..續本文上一頁待他人，所依據的是──發揚同情心、同理心，仁心、恕心，設身處地，將(己)心比(他)心。你認爲他人這樣對待你是好、是不好，把自己的身份跟對方替換一下，想一想，自然就會理解如此行爲可行、如此行爲不可行，這些該做、這些不應做。「自通」我們可說「推己及人」，「自通」也可以說是「推人及己」。可是，先「推人及己」──他人如是待己，我可接受、我喜歡、我會快樂；然後，「推己及人」──我即以如是事待他，使之能接受、使人喜歡、使人高興。反之，你不想怎麼樣被人加害，你就不該加害于人；你想得到別人如何照顧，你就要如是照顧別人。這是現在流行EQ，強調訓練，不只是同情心而已，還要有同理心。
(八) 菩提心
中、外，古、今，宗教徒、非教徒，人們悉皆強調要有善根、有信根，能解脫有情的惑、業、苦。佛法所說「究竟的善」是「涅槃」，「正信」是「于(涅槃)法不
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[40]見《大正》2,27313f.
頁49
壞淨」，「究竟解脫」是「自作證無余取涅槃」；以上，不開法眼，不清淨聖慧眼，心無「叁菩提(sambodhi正覺)」是無法達成。「一行道」分兩階段，由「四預流支」通過「世、俗八正道」之修習，開法眼具足正信，從此有「菩提心(聖、出世正見)」「出離心(聖、出世正志)」，實踐「聖、出世間八支道」，作證「叁菩提」、「究竟涅槃」。未見道之前，內凡之位，切實嚴持禁戒，維持良好的品行；「見道」之後，成爲賢聖，纔有無漏戒學之修習，能逐漸充實「戒法身」。《長.22種德經》所說，即屬菩提心、出離心推動的「無漏戒學」與「無漏慧學」。
佛言：「善哉！善哉！如汝(種德婆羅門)所說︰有戒則有慧，有慧則有戒；戒能淨慧，慧能淨戒。種德！如人洗手，左右相須，左能淨右，右能淨左。此亦如是，有慧則有戒，有戒則有慧；戒能淨慧，慧能淨戒。婆羅門！戒慧具者，我說名比丘。」[41]
先前「七心」[42] 具足之下，開發「菩提心」，以正覺之心爲眼目，次第學習「叁無漏學」[43] 完滿「聖、出世間八支道」──此道名清淨道、解脫道、菩提道乃至佛道。[44]
有幸能拜讀聖嚴法師成名之作《戒律學綱要》，[45] 受到啓發，注意到早期佛法「經藏」中有關戒學之教授、教誡，些許心得行文呈獻，以爲祝壽！尚祈師父斧政！
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[41] 見《大正》1,96b-14f.
[42] 指怖苦心、畏罪心、求福心、兩利心、慚愧心、慈悲心、恕心等七心。
[43] 指無漏戒學、無漏心學、無漏慧學。
[44] 參閱拙著：《阿含要略》「從釋尊傳來超凡成聖的一乘道(ekqyana-magga)」(臺北：東初出版社民國88年修訂版第二刷
p.21.
[45] 法鼓文化出版社智慧海系列110004.
頁50
Siila Originates in the Mind
Yang Yuwen
Associate Researcher, Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
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Summary
Sila or silana is moral discipline, which is conducive to both the well-being of oneself and others. Most importantly, it is the root of good intentions, which in turn produces an excellent result. Whether possesses good or evil sila, transgresses or breaks sila, or defiles or purifies sila follows investigation and is determined by volition in the belongings of mind, which is done with clear consciousness. A collection of commentaries mentions “What is sila”
The Patisambhida provides the answer: “Volition is sila. Consciousness-concomitant is sila. Restrain is sila. Nontransgression is sila”. In the Pabcakavga thapati sutra of the Madhyama Agama, Lord Wakya taught “What is the source of the excellent sila
I will explain their origin. They should be known that the origin is in the mind.”
Four collections of Agama explain that there are many states of mind, which produce and maintain sila. These states arise from:
1.Fear of suffering.
2.Fear of the consequences of transgression.
3.Wishing for a state of well-being.
4.Wishing to benefit oneself and others.
5.Feeling of shame.
6.A compassionate mind.
7.A self-reflection mind.
8.An enlightened mind.
The AAgama requires four kinds of siila: to transform body and mind through correct mindfulness and correct awareness,to make each aspect of the mind──intellect,emotion,and will──flexible so that one”s personality can improve,to be endowed with the purity of siila,and to realize the dhammakaaya of siila.
Key words: 1.siila2.cetanaa3.cetasika4.sa^mvara5.attuupanaaika6.pa~ncaka^nga thapati suutra
《戒從心生(楊郁文)》全文閱讀結束。