..续本文上一页待他人，所依据的是──发扬同情心、同理心，仁心、恕心，设身处地，将(己)心比(他)心。你认为他人这样对待你是好、是不好，把自己的身份跟对方替换一下，想一想，自然就会理解如此行为可行、如此行为不可行，这些该做、这些不应做。「自通」我们可说「推己及人」，「自通」也可以说是「推人及己」。可是，先「推人及己」──他人如是待己，我可接受、我喜欢、我会快乐；然后，「推己及人」──我即以如是事待他，使之能接受、使人喜欢、使人高兴。反之，你不想怎么样被人加害，你就不该加害于人；你想得到别人如何照顾，你就要如是照顾别人。这是现在流行EQ，强调训练，不只是同情心而已，还要有同理心。
(八) 菩提心
中、外，古、今，宗教徒、非教徒，人们悉皆强调要有善根、有信根，能解脱有情的惑、业、苦。佛法所说「究竟的善」是「涅槃」，「正信」是「于(涅槃)法不
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[40]见《大正》2,27313f.
页49
坏净」，「究竟解脱」是「自作证无余取涅槃」；以上，不开法眼，不清净圣慧眼，心无「三菩提(sambodhi正觉)」是无法达成。「一行道」分两阶段，由「四预流支」通过「世、俗八正道」之修习，开法眼具足正信，从此有「菩提心(圣、出世正见)」「出离心(圣、出世正志)」，实践「圣、出世间八支道」，作证「三菩提」、「究竟涅槃」。未见道之前，内凡之位，切实严持禁戒，维持良好的品行；「见道」之后，成为贤圣，纔有无漏戒学之修习，能逐渐充实「戒法身」。《长.22种德经》所说，即属菩提心、出离心推动的「无漏戒学」与「无漏慧学」。
佛言：「善哉！善哉！如汝(种德婆罗门)所说︰有戒则有慧，有慧则有戒；戒能净慧，慧能净戒。种德！如人洗手，左右相须，左能净右，右能净左。此亦如是，有慧则有戒，有戒则有慧；戒能净慧，慧能净戒。婆罗门！戒慧具者，我说名比丘。」[41]
先前「七心」[42] 具足之下，开发「菩提心」，以正觉之心为眼目，次第学习「三无漏学」[43] 完满「圣、出世间八支道」──此道名清净道、解脱道、菩提道乃至佛道。[44]
有幸能拜读圣严法师成名之作《戒律学纲要》，[45] 受到启发，注意到早期佛法「经藏」中有关戒学之教授、教诫，些许心得行文呈献，以为祝寿！尚祈师父斧政！
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[41] 见《大正》1,96b-14f.
[42] 指怖苦心、畏罪心、求福心、两利心、惭愧心、慈悲心、恕心等七心。
[43] 指无漏戒学、无漏心学、无漏慧学。
[44] 参阅拙著：《阿含要略》「从释尊传来超凡成圣的一乘道(ekqyana-magga)」(台北：东初出版社民国88年修订版第二刷
p.21.
[45] 法鼓文化出版社智慧海系列110004.
页50
Siila Originates in the Mind
Yang Yuwen
Associate Researcher, Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
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Summary
Sila or silana is moral discipline, which is conducive to both the well-being of oneself and others. Most importantly, it is the root of good intentions, which in turn produces an excellent result. Whether possesses good or evil sila, transgresses or breaks sila, or defiles or purifies sila follows investigation and is determined by volition in the belongings of mind, which is done with clear consciousness. A collection of commentaries mentions “What is sila”
The Patisambhida provides the answer: “Volition is sila. Consciousness-concomitant is sila. Restrain is sila. Nontransgression is sila”. In the Pabcakavga thapati sutra of the Madhyama Agama, Lord Wakya taught “What is the source of the excellent sila
I will explain their origin. They should be known that the origin is in the mind.”
Four collections of Agama explain that there are many states of mind, which produce and maintain sila. These states arise from:
1.Fear of suffering.
2.Fear of the consequences of transgression.
3.Wishing for a state of well-being.
4.Wishing to benefit oneself and others.
5.Feeling of shame.
6.A compassionate mind.
7.A self-reflection mind.
8.An enlightened mind.
The AAgama requires four kinds of siila: to transform body and mind through correct mindfulness and correct awareness,to make each aspect of the mind──intellect,emotion,and will──flexible so that one”s personality can improve,to be endowed with the purity of siila,and to realize the dhammakaaya of siila.
Key words: 1.siila2.cetanaa3.cetasika4.sa^mvara5.attuupanaaika6.pa~ncaka^nga thapati suutra
《戒从心生(杨郁文)》全文阅读结束。