(術語)又曰播啰弭多,見波羅蜜條。
Paramita == 波羅蜜多
It means to cross over from this shore of births and deaths to the other shore which is the Nirvana.
The Six Paramita or means of so doings are
(1) dana - charity/giving
(2) sila - moral/conduct/taking precepts
(3) ksanti - patience
(4) virya - vigor/devotion/energy
(5) dhyana - contemplation/meditation
(6) prajna - wisdom.
The Ten Paramita are the above plus
(7) upaya - use of expedient or proper means
(8) pranidhana - vow of bodhi and helpfulness
(9) bala - strength
(10) intelligence
Childers gives the list of ten as the perfect exercise of
charity/almsgiving, morality, renunciation, wisdom, energy/effort, patience, truth, resolution/determination, kindness/universal love and resignation/equanimity.
Each of the ten is divided into ordinary, superior and unlimited perfection, making up to thirty in total.
瑜伽四十九卷五頁雲:應知此中施等十法,經叁大劫阿僧企耶,長時修習,乃圓證故;自性清淨,體殊勝故;過余一切世間聲聞獨覺善根,攝受最勝菩提果故;如是十法,最極長時,乃能圓證。自性最極清淨殊勝,能得最極菩提妙果。是故說名波羅蜜多。
二解 瑜伽七十八卷九頁雲:世尊!何因緣故、波羅蜜多、說名波羅蜜多?善男子!五因緣故。一者、無染著故,二者、無顧戀故,叁者、無罪過故,四者、無分別故,五者、正回向故。無染著者:謂不染著波羅蜜多諸相違事。無顧戀者:謂于一切波羅蜜多,諸果異熟,及報恩中,心無系縛。無罪過者:謂于如是波羅蜜多無間雜染法,離非方便行。無分別者:謂于如是波羅蜜多,不如言辭,執著自相。正回向者:謂以如是所作所集波羅蜜多,回求無上大菩提果。又雲:世尊!如是五相、各有何業?善男子!當知彼相、有五種業。謂諸菩薩、無染著故;于現法中,于所修習波羅蜜多,恒常殷重,勤修加行,無有放逸。無顧戀故;攝受當來不放逸因。無罪過故;能正修習極善圓滿、極善清淨、極善鮮白、波羅蜜多。無分別故;方便善巧波羅蜜多、速得圓滿。正回向故;一切生處波羅蜜多及彼可愛諸果異熟、皆得無盡,乃至無上正等菩提。
叁解 瑜伽七十八卷十四頁雲:雲何波羅蜜多?善男子!若諸菩薩、經無量時,修行施等,成就善法;而諸煩惱、猶故現行,未能製伏。然爲彼伏。謂于勝解行地軟中勝解轉時。是名波羅蜜多。 - 朱芾煌