(术语)又曰播啰弭多,见波罗蜜条。
Paramita == 波罗蜜多
It means to cross over from this shore of births and deaths to the other shore which is the Nirvana.
The Six Paramita or means of so doings are
(1) dana - charity/giving
(2) sila - moral/conduct/taking precepts
(3) ksanti - patience
(4) virya - vigor/devotion/energy
(5) dhyana - contemplation/meditation
(6) prajna - wisdom.
The Ten Paramita are the above plus
(7) upaya - use of expedient or proper means
(8) pranidhana - vow of bodhi and helpfulness
(9) bala - strength
(10) intelligence
Childers gives the list of ten as the perfect exercise of
charity/almsgiving, morality, renunciation, wisdom, energy/effort, patience, truth, resolution/determination, kindness/universal love and resignation/equanimity.
Each of the ten is divided into ordinary, superior and unlimited perfection, making up to thirty in total.
瑜伽四十九卷五页云:应知此中施等十法,经三大劫阿僧企耶,长时修习,乃圆证故;自性清净,体殊胜故;过余一切世间声闻独觉善根,摄受最胜菩提果故;如是十法,最极长时,乃能圆证。自性最极清净殊胜,能得最极菩提妙果。是故说名波罗蜜多。
二解 瑜伽七十八卷九页云:世尊!何因缘故、波罗蜜多、说名波罗蜜多?善男子!五因缘故。一者、无染着故,二者、无顾恋故,三者、无罪过故,四者、无分别故,五者、正回向故。无染著者:谓不染着波罗蜜多诸相违事。无顾恋者:谓于一切波罗蜜多,诸果异熟,及报恩中,心无系缚。无罪过者:谓于如是波罗蜜多无间杂染法,离非方便行。无分别者:谓于如是波罗蜜多,不如言辞,执着自相。正回向者:谓以如是所作所集波罗蜜多,回求无上大菩提果。又云:世尊!如是五相、各有何业?善男子!当知彼相、有五种业。谓诸菩萨、无染着故;于现法中,于所修习波罗蜜多,恒常殷重,勤修加行,无有放逸。无顾恋故;摄受当来不放逸因。无罪过故;能正修习极善圆满、极善清净、极善鲜白、波罗蜜多。无分别故;方便善巧波罗蜜多、速得圆满。正回向故;一切生处波罗蜜多及彼可爱诸果异熟、皆得无尽,乃至无上正等菩提。
三解 瑜伽七十八卷十四页云:云何波罗蜜多?善男子!若诸菩萨、经无量时,修行施等,成就善法;而诸烦恼、犹故现行,未能制伏。然为彼伏。谓于胜解行地软中胜解转时。是名波罗蜜多。 - 朱芾煌