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什麼是javana?javana是什麼意思?

在、南傳佛教英文辭典中都找到了“什麼是javana”在不同出處下的解釋,請查閱下面的答案。
【南傳佛教英文辭典】對“什麼是javana”的解釋

  (fr.  javati,  to  impel):  ”impulsion”,  is  the  phase  of  full  cognition  in  the  cognitive  series,  or  perceptual  process  (citta-vi^thi;  s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca)  occurring  at  its  climax,  if  the  respective  object  is  large  or  distinct.  It  is  at  this  phase  that  karma  is  produced,  i.e.  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volition  concerning  the  perception  that  was  the  object  of  the  previous  stages  of  the  respective  process  of  consciousness.  There  are  normally  7  impulsive  moments.  In  mundane  consciousness  (lokiya,  q.v.),  any  of  the  17  karmically  wholesome  classes  of  consciousness  (Tab.  I,  1-17)  or  of  the  12  unwholesome  ones  (Tab.  I,  22-23)  may  arise  at  the  phase  of  impulsion.  For  the  Arahat,  however,  impulsion  has  no  longer  a  karmic,  i.e.  rebirth-producing  character,  but  is  a  karmically  independent  function  (kiriya,  q.v.;  Tab.  I,  72-89).  There  are  further  8  supermundane  classes  of  impulsion  (Tab.  I,  18-21,  66-69).
The  4  impulsive  moments  immediately  before  entering  an  absorption  (jha^na,  q.v.)  or  one  of  the  supermundane  paths  (magga;  s.  ariyapuggala)  are:  the  preparatory  (parikamma),  approach  (upaca^ra),  adaptation  (anuloma),  and  maturity-moment  (gotrabhú,  q.v.)  In  connection  with  entering  the  earth-kasina  absorption  (s.  kasina),  they  are  explained  as  follows,  in  Vis.M.  IV:  "After  the  breaking  off  of  the  subconscious  stream  of  being  (bhavanga-sota,  q.v.),  there  arises  the  ”advertence  at  the  mind-door”  (manodva^ra^vajjana,  s.  vin~n~a^nakicca),  taking  as  object  the  earthkasina  (whilst  thinking),  ”Earth!  Earth!”  Thereupon,  4  or  5  impulsive  moments  flash  forth,  amongst  which  the  last  one  (maturity-moment)  belongs  to  the  fine-material  sphere  (rúpa^vacara),  whereas  the  rest  belong  to  the  sense-sphere  (ka^ma^vacara;  s.  avacara),  though  the  last  one  is  more  powerful  in  thought  conception,  discursive  thinking,  interest  (rapture),  joy  and  concentration  (cf.  jha^na)  than  the  states  of  consciousness  belonging  to  the  sense-sphere.  They  are  called  ”preparatory”  (parikamma-sama^dhi),  as  they  are  preparing  for  the  attainment-concentration  (appana^-sama^dhi);”approaching”  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi),  as  they  are  close  to  the  attainment-concentration  and  are  moving  in  its  neighbourhood;”adaptive”  (anuloma),  as  they  adapt  themselves  to  the  preceding  preparatory  states  and  to  the  succeeding  attainment  concentration.  The  last  one  of  the  four  is  called  ”matured”  (gotrabhú).  In  a  similar  way,  the  impulsive  moments  before  reaching  the  divine  ear  are  described  in  Vis.M.  XIII,  1.  -  Cf.  Karma  -  (App.).

【南傳佛教英文辭典】對“什麼是javana”的解釋

  The  only  reference  in  the  Sutta  Pitaka  is  Pts.M.  II,  73:  kusalakammassa  javana-khane,  "in  the  impulsion-moment  of  a  wholesome  karma."  In  the  Abhidhamma  Pitaka  it  is  briefly  mentioned  in  the  Pattha^na,  but  without  explanation,  as  if  already  known.  The  teaching  of  the  flashing  forth  of  4  javana  immediately  before  entering  the  jha^na  or  lokuttara-magga,  i.e.  parikamma,  upaca^ra,  anuloma,  gotrabhú  is,  as  such,  without  doubt  a  later  development  in  the  commentarial  literature.

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